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parent process)]TJ T* [(16)-4304(print $dsp $data while sysread\($sock, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ T* [(17)-4304.1(kill TERM => $child;)]TJ T* [(18 } else {)]TJ T* [(19)-4304(print $sock $data while sysread\($dsp, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ T* [(20 })]TJ ET Q 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 100.091 125.917 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 13)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 38 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 492 0 R /Resources 39 0 R /Contents 40 0 R /Thumb 347 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 39 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F8 268 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R >> >> endobj 40 0 obj << /Length 13622 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 382.5776 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.1364 Tw [(The r)9.7(eceiv)5.8(er application, )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 175.2449 382.5776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (simple_recv.pl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 250.8264 382.5776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1365 Tw (, has a slightly)Tj -17.0751 -1.0909 TD 0.0178 Tc 0.3571 Tw [(har)13.9(der job because it has to wait for an incoming)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1563 Tw [(connection, dispatch it, and then wait for another)59.7(. 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I)5.8(f)0( the open )]TJ T* 0.0641 Tw [(is unsuccessful, w)5.8(e)0( print a warning )]TJ T* 0.2614 Tw [(message and hang up)15.8(. O)5.8(ther)-17.9(wise )]TJ T* 0.1761 Tw [(w)5.9(e)0( call )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 477.7924 538.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (handle_connect\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 568.8585 538.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1761 Tw (to do )Tj -11.4784 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(the data transfer)59.7(.)]TJ -1.9178 -2.1818 TD 0 Tc (Lines 22-26: )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 478.4089 502.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (handle_connection\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 442.5962 490.0776 Tm -0.0026 Tc (The )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 462.1552 490.0776 Tm -0.1002 Tc (handle_connection\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 547.6303 490.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(subr)5.8(outine )]TJ -9.5486 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.7461 Tw [(wor)5.8(ks a lot like the m)]TJ 12.5063 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ain )Tj -12.5063 -1.0909 TD -0.0201 Tc 0.2097 Tw (section of )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 488.4493 466.0776 Tm 0 Tw (simple_send.pl.)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 571.7867 466.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc (After )Tj -11.7446 -1.0909 TD 0.0405 Tw [(for)5.8(king, our par)9.7(ent pr)5.8(ocess handles )]TJ T* 0.0001 Tw [(copying data fr)5.8(om the socket to the )]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.5711 Tw [(DSP)179.9(, while the child pr)5.9(ocess )]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(handles the r)9.7(e)0(v)5.8(erse operation.)]TJ -9.1451 -2.1818 TD [(Lines 27-33: P)41.9(a)0.3(r)9.7(ent pr)5.8(ocess)]TJ 1.6364 -1.0909 TD 0.2349 Tw [(The par)-7.9(t of the subr)5.8(outine that handles the par)9.7(ent)]TJ T* -0.0165 Tw [(pr)5.8(ocess is v)5.8(e)0.1(r)-17.9(y)0( slightly differ)9.7(ent fr)5.8(om the corr)9.7(esponding)]TJ T* 0.2653 Tw (section of )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 409.4944 358.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (simple_send.pl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 485.0759 358.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2652 Tw [(. I)11.9(nstead of terminating)]TJ -11.3705 -1.0909 TD 0.314 Tw [(when the user hits the interr)-7.9(upt key)84.9(, w)5.8(e)0( want to)]TJ T* 0.0396 Tw [(inter)5.8(cept this fact, gracefully close the connection, and)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(go back to listening for a ne)-5.9(w connection.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.0426 Tw [(I)12(n)0.1( or)13.8(der to achiev)5.8(e this, w)5.8(e)-0.1( use an )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 510.4796 298.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (eval{})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 546.091 298.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0427 Tw (block as an)Tj -16.9174 -1.0909 TD 0.0803 Tw [(ex)11.9(ception handler)59.7(. )44.8(The )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 462.5996 286.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (eval{})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 498.6256 286.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0804 Tw [(cr)9.7(eates a local )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 561.6081 286.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (sigINT)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 360 274.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3681 Tw [(interr)-7.9(upt handler which simply calls )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 536.27 274.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (die)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 552.4661 274.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3233 Tw [(. This )-44.9(is)]TJ -17.4969 -1.0909 TD 0.2982 Tw [(follo)11.9(w)5.9(ed b)5.8(y)0( the tight r)9.7(ead/write loop that w)5.8(e)0( saw)]TJ T* 0.334 Tw [(befor)9.7(e. )14.8(When the user hits the interr)-7.9(upt key)84.9(, the)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 360 238.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (eval{})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 398.9626 238.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3473 Tw (block terminates with )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 505.4199 238.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (die)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 521.6158 238.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3473 Tw [(, and ex)11.9(ecution)]TJ -14.6923 -1.0909 TD 0.1263 Tw [(r)9.9(esumes with the next statement follo)11.9(wing the block.)]TJ T* 0.1274 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( close the socket, send a )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 485.5251 214.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (TERM)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 511.2704 214.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1273 Tw (signal to the child,)Tj -13.7519 -1.0909 TD -0.003 Tw [(and r)9.7(eturn fr)5.8(om )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 431.0648 202.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (handle_connection\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 536.3566 202.0776 Tm -0.0006 Tc -0.0025 Tw [(to r)9.2(esume the)]TJ -16.0324 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (main )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 384.7216 190.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc (accept)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 420.1387 190.0776 Tm [(loop)15.7(.)]TJ -7.1035 -2.1818 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(Lines 34-38: Child pr)5.8(ocess)]TJ 1.6364 -1.0909 TD 0.0152 Tc 0.534 Tw [(The)-804.1(child pr)6.1(ocess is identical to the one in)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 360 142.0775 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0 Tw (simple_send.pl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 434.9518 142.0775 Tm 0.0476 Tw [(, ex)11.9(cept that w)5.8(e)0( close our copy of the)]TJ -6.8138 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(listening socket since w)5.8(e)0( won)69.8()79.9(t)0( be needing it.)]TJ 12 0 0 12 63 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw [(14)-1100(F)]TJ 10.44 0 0 10.44 94.2795 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 115.6277 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc (2000)Tj /F3 1 Tf 30.9897 0.0003 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0.03 0.3 0 k 63 810 346.5 -400.5 re 587.395 90.357 m f* BT /F8 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 70 795.1747 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Listing 2.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 129.3068 795.1747 Tm 0 Tw (simple_recv.pl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 204.8883 795.1747 Tm 0 Tc (: )Tj /F8 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 210.6634 795.1747 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(A)11.9(ccept incoming connections.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 74.6189 775.1747 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(0 #!/usr/bin/perl)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(1 use strict;)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(2 use IO::Socket;)]TJ T* [(3 use IO::File;)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(4 use constant DSP)-3099.5(=> '/dev/dsp';)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(5 use constant BUFSIZE => 4000;)]TJ T* [(6 $SIG{CHLD} = sub { wait };)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(7 my $port = shift || 2007;)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(8 my $listen = IO::Socket::INET->new\(LocalPort)-760.1(=> $port,)]TJ T* [(9 Listen)-655.2(=> 5,)]TJ T* 0.0598 Tc 0 Tw [(1)60(0)60( R)59.9(e)59.9(u)60(s)59.9(e)-595.2(=)60(>)60( 1)60(\))60( )]TJ 13.1968 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(|| die "Can't listen: $!";)]TJ -13.1968 -3.4286 TD [(11 while \(1\) {)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(12 warn "waiting for a connection...\\n";)]TJ T* [(13 my $sock = $listen->accept;)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(14 warn "accepting connection from ", $sock->peerhost, "\\n";)]TJ T* [(15 unless \(my $dsp = IO::File->new\(DSP, "r+"\)\) {)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(17 )-2459.6(close $sock;)]TJ T* [(18 } else {)]TJ T* [(19 )-2459.6(handle_connection\($sock, $dsp\);)]TJ T* 0.0598 Tc 0 Tw [(2)60(0)60( })]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(21 })]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(22 sub handle_connection {)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(23 my \($sock, $dsp\) = @_;)]TJ T* [(24 my $child = fork\(\);)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(25 die "Can't fork: $!" unless defined $child;)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(26 my $data;)]TJ T* [(27 if \($child\) { # parent process)]TJ T* [(28 eval {)]TJ T* [(29 local $SIG{INT} = sub {die};)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(30 print $dsp $data while sysread\($sock, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ T* 0.0598 Tc 0 Tw [(3)60(1)60( })60(;)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(32 close $sock;)]TJ T* [(33 kill TERM => $child;)]TJ T* [(34 } else {)]TJ T* [(35 close $listen;)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(36 print $sock $data while sysread\($dsp, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(37 exit;)]TJ T* 0.0598 Tc 0 Tw [(3)60(8)60( })]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(39 })]TJ ET Q 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 101.071 415.175 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 14)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 41 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 492 0 R /Resources 42 0 R /Contents 43 0 R /Thumb 349 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 42 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F5 262 0 R /F8 268 0 R /F9 269 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R >> >> endobj 43 0 obj << /Length 8944 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F8 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 63 801.3574 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 70.7634 801.3574 Tm 0.0228 Tc [(DDING)-345.5(AN)]TJ 12 0 0 12 130.2969 801.3574 Tm 0.0198 Tc 0.0255 Tw (MP3 E)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 166.0418 801.3574 Tm 0.0228 Tc 0 Tw (NCODER)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 779.3574 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.1329 Tw [(This pair of pr)5.7(ograms wor)5.8(ks gr)9.7(eat acr)5.8(oss a L)-12.1(AN or a fast)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.1383 Tw [(I)12(nternet connection. H)17.7(o)12(w)5.8(e)0(v)5.8(e)0.1(r)59.7(,)0( the conv)5.8(ersation br)9.7(eaks up)]TJ T* 0.0519 Tw [(periodically on slo)11.9(w)5.8(er connections. )44.7(The default sample rate)]TJ T* 0 Tw (for )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 78.3347 743.3574 Tm (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 124.4823 743.3574 Tm 0.0566 Tw [(is 8 kHz at one b)5.8(yte per sample, monoaural,)]TJ -5.5893 -1.0909 TD -0.0211 Tw [(which means that the connection must suppor)-8(t at least 8000)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 63 719.3574 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (*)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.1766 719.3574 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.1026 Tw (8 = 64,000 bits per second for one way communication)Tj -0.8342 -1.0909 TD 0.1973 Tw (and 128,000 bits per second for duplex communication.)Tj T* 0.093 Tw [(This can only be achiev)5.7(ed with a r)9.7(eally good dual-channel)]TJ T* 0.08 Tw [(ISDN connection, or a DSL, cable, or leased line. M)11.9(aking)]TJ T* 0.0643 Tw [(matters worse, the connection must sustain this speed ev)5.7(en)]TJ T* -0.0108 Tw [(if nobody)29.7()79.9(s)0( talking, because a second of silence generates just)]TJ T* 0.0149 Tc 0.4251 Tw [(as much data as a second of conv)5.8(ersation. S)11.9(l)0.2(o)11.9(w)5.8(er)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.025 Tw [(connections cannot keep up with these r)9.6(equir)9.7(ements.)]TJ 0 -1.8182 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.5386 Tw [(Ther)9.7(e ar)9.7(e sev)5.8(eral ways to r)9.7(educe the bandwidth)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3329 Tw [(r)9.9(equir)9.7(ements. )14.9(W)77.8(e)0( could r)9.7(educe the sampling rate and)]TJ T* 0.0525 Tw [(sacrifice the audio quality)84.9(, but 8 kHz is alr)9.7(eady pr)9.7(etty lo)11.9(w)74.9(.)]TJ T* 0.1137 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( could apply a general compr)9.7(ession algorithm, such as)]TJ /F5 1 Tf T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (gzip)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.5134 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.112 Tw [(, to the data str)9.7(eam. H)17.8(o)12(w)5.8(e)0(v)5.8(e)0.1(r)59.7(,)0( audio data is r)9.7(e)0.1(lativ)5.8(ely)]TJ -1.5134 -1.0909 TD 0.0513 Tw [(uncompr)9.7(essible with text-oriented algorithms like )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 19.6776 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (gzip)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8147 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (due)Tj -21.4923 -1.0909 TD -0.0309 Tw [(to the noisy)84.9(, rapidly-v)5.8(ar)-17.9(ying natur)9.7(e of the data. O)5.8(r)0( w)5.8(e)0( could)]TJ T* 0.0181 Tw [(r)9.9(edesign the application entir)9.7(ely)84.9(, using discontinuous UDP)]TJ T* -0.0034 Tw [(packets rather than a continuous )44.9(T)23.9(C)0.1(P str)9.7(eam and adjusting)]TJ T* 0.009 Tw (the UDP transmission rate dynamically to meet bandwidth)Tj T* -0.0271 Tw [(av)5.8(ailability)84.9(. )44.9(This is ho)11.9(w it)17.7()79.9(s)0( done in the v)5.8(o)0.1(ice-o)15.8(v)5.9(er-IP \()-12(V)100(oIP\))]TJ T* 0.2531 Tw [(pr)5.8(otocol, which is popular in commer)5.8(cial IP telephony)]TJ T* 0 Tw (applications.)Tj 25.3636 30.0655 TD 0.1835 Tw [(F)35.9(or fun, I tried a differ)9.7(ent appr)5.8(oach. )44.8(The popular MP3)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.3262 Tw [(audio compr)9.7(ession format can achiev)5.8(e 10:1 or gr)9.7(eater)]TJ T* 0.2395 Tw [(compr)9.7(ession of audio str)9.7(eams. F)23.9(u)0.1(r)-7.9(t)0(hermor)9.7(e, ther)9.7(e ar)9.7(e a)]TJ T* 0.0861 Tw [(number of U)35.9(nix command-line tools for compr)9.7(essing and)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.7778 Tw [(decompr)9.7(essing MP3s. M)29.8(y)0( fav)5.8(orites ar)9.7(e )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 19.7506 0 TD 0 Tw (mpg123)Tj /F1 1 Tf -19.7506 -1.0909 TD -0.0149 Tc [(\(http://www)74.9(.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de/~hipp/mpg123.html\))]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.6283 Tw [(for decompr)9.7(essing and playing MP3s, and )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 21.0847 0 TD 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf -21.0847 -1.0909 TD 0.5892 Tw [(\(http://www)74.9(.sulaco)15.8(.org/mp3\) for cr)9.7(eating them. I)11.9(n)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0547 Tw (principle, one can simply interpose )Tj /F5 1 Tf 14.0218 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0691 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0547 Tw [(betw)5.8(een the DSP)]TJ -16.0908 -1.0909 TD 0.014 Tc 0.3609 Tw [(and the socket in or)13.9(der to compr)9.7(ess the data, and)]TJ 0 -8.7273 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0334 Tw [(uncompr)9.7(ess it at the other end using )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 14.1159 0 TD 0 Tw (mpg123)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.0586 0 TD -0.0334 Tw (. Although this)Tj -17.1745 -1.0909 TD 0.0438 Tw [(will not wor)5.8(k for r)9.7(easons described belo)11.9(w)74.9(,)0( conceptually w)5.8(e)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw (would want to open up two pipes:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 351.2378 555.0776 Tm 0.0599 Tw [(open COMPRESS, "lame - - /dev/dsp";)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 524.0776 Tm 0.1792 Tw [(The first pipe r)9.7(eads )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 434.5768 524.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 482.4877 524.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1792 Tw (and passes it to )Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.7864 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2436 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (for)Tj -21.8016 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1666 Tw [(MP3 encoding. )44.9(The encoded data is written to standar)13.8(d)]TJ T* 0.0955 Tw [(output, wher)9.7(e it is piped to our pr)5.8(ogram. )14.8(W)77.8(e)0( would r)9.7(ead)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(fr)5.8(om it like this:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 350.8178 472.0776 Tm -0.0301 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(print $socket $data while sysread\(COMPRESS, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 517.3723 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (F)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 523.4518 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 544.7999 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0.025 Tw [(2000 15)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -40.15 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0.1 k /GS1 gs 63.5 458.5 530 -341 re 162.892 90.354 m f* 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M []0 d 63.5 458.5 530 -341 re S BT /F8 1 Tf 24 0 0 24 265.6465 337.7219 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tw (AMERICAN)Tj -0.7507 -1.2 TD (CYBERNETICS)Tj 1.6419 -1.2 TD 0.0255 Tw (1/2 page)Tj /F1 1 Tf 19 0 0 19 306.5081 226.1233 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(NE)11.8(W)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 355.0818 662.7145 Tm -0.0452 Tc 0.0278 Tw [(This bitrate can onl)9.5(y be achie)29.6(v)19.8(ed with )]TJ 1.194 -1.1429 TD [(a r)19.6(eall)9.6(y g)9.6(ood dual-channel ISDN)]TJ -2.0516 -1.1429 TD -0.0451 Tc [(connection,)-160.9(or a DSL,)-160.9(cab)9.7(le)-19.9(,)-160.9(or leased line)-19.9(.)]TJ ET 2 w 342 682.29 m 594 682.29 l S 0.667 w 342 679.63 m 594 679.63 l 342 620.57 m 594 620.57 l S 2 w 342 617.9 m 594 617.9 l S Q 0 0 0 0 k 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 592.924 630.714 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 15)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 44 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 492 0 R /Resources 45 0 R /Contents 46 0 R /Thumb 351 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 45 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F5 262 0 R /F8 268 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R >> >> endobj 46 0 obj << /Length 14385 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 802.0776 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.1135 Tw (The second pipe tells )Tj /F5 1 Tf 8.8492 0 TD 0 Tw (mpg123)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4221 0 TD 0.1134 Tw [(to r)9.7(ead MP3-encoded data)]TJ -12.2713 -1.0909 TD -0.0259 Tw [(fr)5.8(om our pr)5.8(ogram, uncompr)9.7(ess it into PCM data, and write)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw (it to )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 83.9709 778.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 127.1604 778.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(. )14.8(W)77.8(e)29.7()99.9(d)0( use it like this:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 71.8178 758.0776 Tm -0.0301 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(print UNCOMPRESS $data while sysread\($sock, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 734.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1519 Tw [(H)17.8(o)12(w)5.8(e)0(v)5.8(e)0.1(r)59.7(,)0( when I tried this, I found a couple of hitches.)]TJ T* 0.0225 Tw [(O)5.8(ne is that )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 4.6397 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0369 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0225 Tw [(will not accept 8-bit PCM data, r)9.7(e)0(quiring)]TJ -6.6766 -1.0909 TD -0.0253 Tw [(16-bit data sampled at 16 kHz or higher)59.7(. )44.9(This was solv)5.8(ed b)5.8(y)]TJ T* 0.0837 Tw [(calling the pr)5.8(oper )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 143.2678 698.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ioctl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 170.2612 698.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0837 Tw [(s to put the DSP into the pr)5.8(oper)]TJ -9.751 -1.0909 TD 0.1082 Tw [(mode. )44.8(The other hitch is that some sound driv)5.8(ers do not)]TJ T* 0.3112 Tw [(allo)11.9(w y)5.8(ou to open the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 175.1 674.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 224.4619 674.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3112 Tw [(driv)5.8(er twice, so the)]TJ -14.6784 -1.0909 TD 0.1731 Tw [(straightfor)-17.9(war)13.8(d strategy of opening two pipes would not)]TJ T* 0.0062 Tc 0.3687 Tw [(wor)5.8(k. I solv)5.8(ed that one b)5.8(y)0( opening )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 244.4039 650.0776 Tm 0.0061 Tc 0 Tw (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 294.9205 650.0776 Tm 0.0062 Tc (once)Tj -21.0837 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0009 Tw [(r)9.9(ead/write, and then r)9.7(eopening )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 197.1385 638.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (STDIN)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 226.8714 638.0776 Tm (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 245.4234 638.0776 Tm (STDOUT)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 280.555 638.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0009 Tw (on it, so)Tj 5.5859 14.9091 TD 0 Tw (that )Tj /F5 1 Tf 1.9386 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.1705 0 TD (and )Tj /F5 1 Tf 1.8436 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (mpg123)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4647 0 TD 0.1561 Tw [(wouldn)69.8()79.9(t)0( tr)-17.9(y to open )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 541.9017 802.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 589.5582 802.0776 Tm 0 Tc (a)Tj -22.5053 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (second time.)Tj 0 -2.1818 TD -0.0268 Tw [(T)119.9(o)0( simplify matters, I put all the DSP-manipulating code in)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0627 Tw [(a self-contained module named DSP)179.9(.pm, sho)11.9(wn in Listing)]TJ T* 0.1392 Tw [(3. )44.8(The module is object-oriented. )14.8(Y)93.9(ou cr)9.7(eate a ne)-5.9(w DSP)]TJ T* -0.0081 Tw [(handle b)5.8(y)0( calling )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 416.5568 730.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (DSP->new)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 459.7463 730.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0081 Tw [(. )44.9(The object that is r)9.7(eturned is a)]TJ -10.7042 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.5276 Tw [(r)9.9(ead/write IO handle attached to )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 520.403 718.0776 Tm 0 Tw (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 565.0323 718.0776 Tm 0.4827 Tw (. The)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 342 706.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (compress\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 398.9263 706.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0172 Tw [(method r)9.7(eturns a pipe that y)5.8(ou can r)9.7(ead fr)5.8(om)]TJ -5.1751 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.9855 Tw [(to r)9.7(etriev)5.8(e MP3-compr)9.7(essed audio date. )44.8(The)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 342 682.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (uncompress\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 409.9522 682.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.038 Tw [(method r)9.7(eturns a second pipe that y)5.8(ou can)]TJ -6.1775 -1.0909 TD -0.0082 Tw [(write MP3 data to)15.8(. )44.9(The data will be uncompr)9.7(essed and sent)]TJ T* 0.0134 Tc 0.3615 Tw [(to the speakers. )44.8(The follo)11.9(wing example r)9.7(eads MP3-)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2211 Tw [(compr)9.7(essed data fr)5.8(om the micr)5.8(ophone and immediately)]TJ 7.2273 -1.0909 TD 0.0404 Tw [(writes it back to the speaker)59.7(, cr)9.7(eating an)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw (awful racket:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 430.0378 602.0776 Tm -0.0502 Tc 0.06 Tw [(my $dsp = DSP->new;)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD -0.0501 Tc [(my $compress = $dsp->compress;)]TJ T* [(my $uncompress = $dsp->uncompress;)]TJ T* [(print $uncompress $data while )]TJ 5.6578 -1.1429 TD [(sysread\($compress, $data, 1024\);)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 421.5 546.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(Lines 1-5: M)23.9(odule setup stuff)15.8(.)]TJ 1.9178 -1.0909 TD 0.0975 Tw [(The module begins b)5.8(y)0( bringing in )]TJ T* 0.1976 Tw [(the modules w)5.8(e)-0.1( need. )14.9(W)77.8(e)0( inherit )]TJ T* 0.0044 Tc 0.3705 Tw [(fr)5.8(om IO::H)5.8(andle to get all the )]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1274 Tw [(av)5.8(ailable object-oriented filehandle )]TJ T* 0 Tw (methods.)Tj -1.9178 -2.1818 TD 0.025 Tw [(Lines 6-10: Load )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 497.3995 462.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ioctl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 527.418 462.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc (definitions)Tj -7.7111 -1.0909 TD 0.0904 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( need to call a set of )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 550.196 450.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ioctl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 577.1895 450.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0904 Tw (s to )Tj -12.2358 -1.0909 TD 0.3536 Tw [(configur)9.7(e the sound car)13.8(d driv)5.8(er)59.7(. )]TJ T* 0.0658 Tw (The constants for these )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 546.8463 426.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ioctl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 573.8398 426.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0658 Tw [(s ar)9.7(e )]TJ -11.9312 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 2.023 Tw [(av)5.8(ailable in the file )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 442.5962 402.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (sys/soundcard.ph)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 528.9751 402.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2919 Tw [(. I)5.8(f)0( y)5.8(ou don)69.8()79.9(t)0( )]TJ -7.8526 -1.0909 TD 0.188 Tw [(alr)9.7(eady hav)5.8(e this file in y)5.8(our P)53.9(erl )]TJ T* 0.0389 Tw [(librar)-17.9(y dir)9.7(ector)-17.9(y)84.9(,)-0.1( y)5.8(o)0.1(u)49.7()12(ll need to r)-7.9(un )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 442.5962 366.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (h2ph)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 467.1975 366.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0234 Tw [(on y)5.8(our system)69.8()79.9(s)0( include files, )]TJ -2.2365 -1.0909 TD 0.1113 Tw (as described in the documentation )Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (for )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 457.8028 342.0775 Tm (h2ph)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 482.4226 342.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(bundled with P)53.9(erl.)]TJ -3.6206 -2.1818 TD 0.0199 Tc 0 Tw [(M)12(any )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 482.5936 318.0775 Tm (ioctl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 524.6718 318.0775 Tm 1.0195 Tw [(constants ar)9.7(e )]TJ -7.4614 -1.0909 TD 0.4656 Tw (calculated using a hash called )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 442.5962 294.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (%sizeof)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 480.3869 294.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1366 Tw [(, which contains the siz)5.8(es )]TJ -3.4355 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.4937 Tw [(of v)5.8(arious system-specific data )]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2784 Tw (types, such as integers. Although )Tj T* 0.2559 Tw [(this is not w)5.8(ell-documented, y)5.8(ou )]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.3936 Tw [(hav)5.8(e to cr)9.7(eate )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 519.4713 246.0775 Tm 0 Tw (%sizeof)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 565.821 246.0775 Tm [(befor)9.7(e )]TJ -11.2023 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1687 Tw (loading any )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 498.4433 234.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (.ph)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 519.2456 234.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1688 Tw (file that depends )Tj -6.9681 -1.0909 TD 0.0181 Tc 0.3568 Tw (on it. A quick examination of )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 442.5962 210.0775 Tm 0.0198 Tc 0 Tw (soundcard.ph)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 518.4108 210.0775 Tm 0.5364 Tw [(sho)11.9(w)5.8(ed that it )]TJ -6.8922 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3412 Tw [(needs to kno)11.9(w the siz)5.8(e of )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 574.2606 198.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (int)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 590.4568 198.0775 Tm 0 Tc (. )Tj -13.4419 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.6431 Tw (Rather than code this in a )Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2581 Tw [(nonpor)-7.9(table way)84.9(, w)5.8(e)0( get the siz)5.8(e )]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (of )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 454.9537 162.0775 Tm (int)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 474.9752 162.0775 Tm 0.0979 Tw [(fr)5.7(om P)53.8(erl)11.8()79.8(s)-0.2( )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 524.69 162.0775 Tm 0 Tw (Config)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 560.9076 162.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc (module )Tj -10.7556 -1.0909 TD 0.3595 Tw [(and use it to initializ)5.8(e a global )]TJ T* 0.017 Tc 0.3579 Tw [(v)5.9(ariable named )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 520.2343 138.0775 Tm 0 Tw (%sizeof)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 565.9786 138.0775 Tm [(befor)9.7(e )]TJ -11.2166 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (loading the )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 493.6425 126.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (.ph)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 512.8636 126.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc (file.)Tj 12 0 0 12 63 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc [(16)-1100(F)]TJ 10.44 0 0 10.44 94.2795 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 115.6277 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc (2000)Tj /F3 1 Tf 30.9897 0.0003 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0.03 0.3 0 k 63 620 346.5 -503 re 587.395 90.357 m f* BT /F8 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 70 605.1789 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Listing 3.)Tj 0 -1.2143 TD -0.0001 Tc [(The DSP)179.8(.pm module, which r)19.7(eads and wr)5.8(ites MP3 data.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 74.6189 568.1789 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(0 package DSP;)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(1 use strict;)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(2 use IO::File;)]TJ T* [(3 use Carp 'croak';)]TJ T* [(4 use vars '%sizeof', '@ISA';)]TJ T* [(5 @ISA = 'IO::Handle';)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(6 BEGIN {)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(7 use Config;)]TJ T* [(8 %sizeof= \( int => $Config{intsize} \);)]TJ T* [(9 require "sys/soundcard.ph";)]TJ T* [(10 })]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(11 use constant DSP )-3704.3(=> '/dev/dsp';)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc [(12 use constant COMPRESS => $Config{byteorder} eq '1234')]TJ T* [(13 ? "lame -r -x -m m -b32 -s16 - - |")]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(14 : "lame -r)-2499.7(-m m -b32 -s16 - - |";)]TJ T* [(15 use constant UNCOMPRESS)-810.1(=> "| mpg123 -s -m -";)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(16 sub new {)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(17 my $class = shift;)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(18 my $dsp = IO::File->new\('/dev/dsp', 'r+'\) )]TJ 13.8567 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc (or croak "Can't open /dev/dsp: $!";)Tj -13.8567 -1.1429 TD [(19 croak "can't set samplesize: $!" )]TJ 7.2583 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc [(unless ioctl $dsp, SNDCTL_DSP_SAMPLESIZE, pack\("I", 16\);)]TJ -7.2583 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc [(20 croak "can't set speed: $!" )]TJ 7.2583 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc [(unless ioctl $dsp, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, pack\("I", 16000\);)]TJ -7.2583 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc [(21 croak "can't set mono: $!" )]TJ 7.2583 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc [(unless ioctl $dsp, SNDCTL_DSP_STEREO, pack\("I", 0\);)]TJ -7.2583 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc [(22 return bless $dsp, $class;)]TJ T* [(23 })]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(24 # read from encode to get MP3 from microphone)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(25 sub compress {)]TJ T* [(26 my $self = shift;)]TJ T* [(27 open\(S, "<&STDIN"\);)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(28 STDIN->fdopen\($self, "r"\) or die "Can't reopen STDIN on DSP: $!";)]TJ T* [(29 my $encode = IO::File->new\(COMPRESS\) or croak "Can't open lame: $!";)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(30 open\(STDIN, "<&S"\);)]TJ T* [(31 return $encode;)]TJ T* [(32 })]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(33 # write to decode to get sound from MP3)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(34 sub uncompress {)]TJ T* [(35 my $self = shift;)]TJ T* [(36 open\(S, ">&STDOUT"\);)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(37 STDOUT->fdopen\($self, "w"\) or die "Can't reopen STDOUT on DSP: $!";)]TJ T* [(38 my $uncompress = IO::File->new\(UNCOMPRESS\) )]TJ 7.2583 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc (or die "Can't open mpg123: $!";)Tj -7.2583 -1.1429 TD [(39 $uncompress->autoflush\(1\);)]TJ T* [(40 open\(STDOUT, ">&S"\);)]TJ T* [(41 return $uncompress;)]TJ T* [(42 })]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(43 1;)]TJ ET Q 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 105.27 128.179 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 16)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 47 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 492 0 R /Resources 48 0 R /Contents 49 0 R /Thumb 353 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 48 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F5 262 0 R /F8 268 0 R /F11 271 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R >> >> endobj 49 0 obj << /Length 11869 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 802.0776 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (Lines 11-15: Constants)Tj 1.6364 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.4418 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( declar)9.7(e a constant for the path )]TJ T* 0.4488 Tw (to the DSP device special file, and)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc -0.0171 Tw [(constants containing the inv)5.8(ocations of the)]TJ /F5 1 Tf T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.1073 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0929 Tw (MP3 encoder and the )Tj /F5 1 Tf 9.0306 0 TD 0 Tw (mpg123)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4015 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (MP3)Tj -14.5393 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.6173 Tw [(decoder)59.8(. The )-44.9(v)5.8(arious )-44.8(command-line)]TJ T* 0.013 Tc 0.3619 Tw (options passed to )Tj /F5 1 Tf 8.2157 0 TD 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.4418 0 TD 0.3619 Tw (specify PCM-)Tj -10.6574 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.8084 Tw (format input, monaural sound, a)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0638 Tw (maximum bitrate of 32 kbs, a sample rate)Tj T* 0.0213 Tw [(of 16 kHz, and standar)13.8(d input and output)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.7832 Tw [(for input and output. )44.9(The only)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.258 Tw [(complication her)9.7(e is the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 196.7175 670.0776 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (-x)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 213.1028 670.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.258 Tw (flag, which)Tj -12.0093 -1.0909 TD 0.1465 Tw [(must be set for little-endian ar)5.8(chitectur)9.7(es)]TJ T* 0.176 Tw (so that )Tj /F5 1 Tf 3.1932 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.1903 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1759 Tw [(will b)5.8(yteswap the incoming)]TJ -5.3835 -1.0909 TD 0.0666 Tw [(PCM data. )14.8(W)77.8(e)0( determine the endian-ness)]TJ T* 0.0099 Tw [(of our ar)5.8(chitectur)9.7(e on the fly b)5.8(y)0( looking at)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 81 610.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($Config{byteorder})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 178.1763 610.0776 Tm 0 Tc (.)Tj -8.8342 -2.2727 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3625 Tw (The flags to )Tj /F5 1 Tf 5.9103 0 TD 0 Tw (mpg123)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.6711 0 TD 0.3625 Tw (specify monaural)Tj -9.5813 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.3836 Tw [(sound and tell the pr)5.8(ogram to send)]TJ T* 0.3762 Tw [(uncompr)9.7(essed PCM data to standar)13.9(d)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (output.)Tj -1.6364 -2.2727 TD 0 Tc 0.025 Tw (Lines 16-23: )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 119.9089 524.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (new\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 149.9274 524.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc (method)Tj -6.2661 -1.0909 TD -0.0051 Tc (The )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 104.0305 512.0776 Tm (new\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 136.7156 512.0776 Tm 0.2929 Tw (method opens the DSP for)Tj -5.0651 -1.0909 TD 0.0097 Tc 0.3602 Tw [(r)9.9(eading and writing. After successfully)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.3544 Tw [(opening the device special file, w)5.7(e)0( call)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 81 476.0776 Tm 0 Tw (ioctl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 112.5737 476.0776 Tm 0.1919 Tw [(thr)9.7(ee times. )44.9(The first call sets the)]TJ -2.8703 -1.0909 TD -0.005 Tc 0.0016 Tw [(sample siz)5.9(e to 16 bits \(2 b)5.9(y)0.1(tes\). )44.9(The second)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.0081 Tw [(call sets the sampling rate to 16 kHz, and the thir)13.7(d puts)]TJ T* -0.0274 Tw [(the DSP into monaural mode b)5.7(y)0( setting the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 265.4009 440.0776 Tm 0 Tw (STEREO)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 299.9163 440.0776 Tm (flag)Tj -19.9015 -1.0909 TD -0.0077 Tw [(to false. N)29.7(otice that the second argument to each )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 288.1868 428.0776 Tm 0 Tw (ioctl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 81 416.0776 Tm 0.053 Tw (call is a constant defined in )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 200.7687 416.0776 Tm 0 Tw (sys/soundcard.ph)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 286.4279 416.0776 Tm 0.053 Tw (, while)Tj -18.6753 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(the thir)13.8(d is a packed integer)59.7(.)]TJ 0 -2.2727 TD -0.0001 Tc [(W)77.8(e)0( r)9.7(eturn the handle, blessed into the DSP class.)]TJ -1.6364 -2.2727 TD 0 Tc (Lines 25-32: )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 119.9089 354.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (compress\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 176.9208 354.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc (method)Tj -8.7201 -1.0909 TD -0.0201 Tc (The )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 101.3469 342.0775 Tm (compress\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 157.262 342.0775 Tm 0.1089 Tw [(method will r)9.7(eturn a pipe suitable for)]TJ -6.9329 -1.0909 TD -0.0054 Tw [(r)9.9(eading MP3-compr)9.7(essed data. )44.9(The trick her)9.7(e is to r)9.7(eplace)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 81 318.0775 Tm 0 Tw (STDIN)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 110.4486 318.0775 Tm 0.075 Tw (with the DSP handle, so that )Tj /F5 1 Tf 11.3303 0 TD 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9894 0 TD 0.075 Tw (takes its input)Tj -15.9969 -1.0909 TD 0 Tw [(fr)5.7(om )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 105.1193 306.0775 Tm (/dev/dsp)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 146.8689 306.0775 Tm 0.1542 Tw [(, r)9.7(eading dir)9.7(ectly fr)5.8(om the micr)5.8(ophone.)]TJ -5.9881 -1.0909 TD 0.3023 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( sav)5.8(e the curr)9.7(ent v)5.8(alue of )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 216.6567 294.0775 Tm 0 Tw (STDIN)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 248.6058 294.0775 Tm 0.3023 Tw [(in a temporar)-17.9(y)]TJ -15.2369 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3898 Tw [(filehandle, and then r)9.7(eopen )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 217.463 282.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (STDIN)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 251.4945 282.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3898 Tw (onto the )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 298.8042 282.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (DSP)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 81 270.0775 Tm -0.0201 Tc 0.1389 Tw (filehandle, using the object-oriented )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 234.7703 270.0775 Tm 0 Tw (fdopen\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 280.578 270.0775 Tm (method.)Tj -18.1435 -1.0909 TD 0.1246 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( no)11.9(w call )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 137.299 258.0775 Tm 0 Tw (IO::File->new\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 219.4806 258.0775 Tm 0.1247 Tw (to open the )Tj /F5 1 Tf 4.808 0 TD 0 Tw (lame)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0391 0 TD (pipe.)Tj -19.4362 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( r)9.7(estor)9.7(e )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 126.7585 246.0775 Tm 0 Tw (STDIN)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 152.8521 246.0775 Tm 0.025 Tw [(, and r)9.7(eturn the pipe to the caller)59.7(.)]TJ -8.1684 -2.2727 TD 0 Tc (Lines 35-44: )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 119.9089 221.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (uncompress\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 187.7181 221.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc (method)Tj -9.7016 -1.0909 TD (The )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 101.4116 209.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc (uncompress\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 169.3286 209.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0348 Tw [(method will r)9.7(eturn a pipe suitable)]TJ -8.0299 -1.0909 TD -0.0374 Tw [(for writing MP3-compr)9.7(essed data. I)23.9(t)0( uses the same trick)]TJ T* 0 Tw (as )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 91.6605 185.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc (compress\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 145.6473 185.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0076 Tw [(, ex)11.9(cept that no)11.9(w w)5.8(e)0( operate on )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 282.6079 185.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (STDOUT)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 81 173.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1785 Tw (rather than )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 134.8195 173.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (STDIN)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 161.813 173.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1785 Tw [(. After saving the curr)9.7(ent v)5.8(alue of)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 81 161.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (STDOUT)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 117.5904 161.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1316 Tw [(in a temporar)-17.9(y filehandle, w)5.8(e)0( r)9.7(eopen it onto)]TJ -3.3264 -1.0909 TD 0.3424 Tw [(the DSP)179.9(,)0( and call )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 171.3062 149.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (IO::File->new\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 258.8027 149.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3424 Tw (to open the)Tj /F5 1 Tf -16.1639 -1.0909 TD 0 Tw (mpg123)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4424 0 TD 0.1338 Tw [(pipe. )14.8(W)77.8(e)0( don)69.8()79.9(t)0( want data getting held up in)]TJ -3.4424 -1.0909 TD 0.0144 Tc 0.3605 Tw [(standar)13.9(d IO buffering, so w)5.8(e)0( activ)5.8(ate the pipe)29.7()79.9(s)]TJ 12 0 0 12 517.3723 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (F)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 523.4518 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 544.7999 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0.025 Tw [(2000 17)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -40.15 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0.03 0.3 0 k 274.5 810 319.5 -337.5 re 162.892 90.354 m f* BT /F8 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 280.5 794.3291 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (Listing 4.)Tj /F11 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 280.5 782.3291 Tm 0 Tw (mp3_send.pl)Tj /F8 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 363.6059 782.3291 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0255 Tw (initiates MP3-encoded telephone calls.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 285.1189 760.3291 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(0 #!/usr/bin/perl)]TJ 0 -1.4286 TD [(1 # file mp3_send.pl)]TJ 0 -2.8571 TD [(2 use strict;)]TJ 0 -1.4286 TD [(3 use DSP;)]TJ T* [(4 use IO::Socket;)]TJ 0 -2.8571 TD -0.0001 Tc [(5 use constant BUFSIZE => 1024;)]TJ 0 -1.4286 TD [(6 $SIG{CHLD} = sub { exit 0 };)]TJ 0 -2.8571 TD [(7 my $dest = shift || 'prego';)]TJ 0 -1.4286 TD [(8 my $port = shift || 2007;)]TJ T* [(9 my $sock = IO::Socket::INET->new\("$dest:$port"\) )]TJ 4.6189 -1.4286 TD -0.0002 Tc [(|| die "Can't connect: $!";)]TJ -4.6189 -1.4286 TD [(10 my $dsp = new DSP;)]TJ 0 -2.8571 TD [(11 my $child = fork\(\);)]TJ 0 -1.4286 TD -0.0001 Tc [(12 die "Can't fork: $!" unless defined $child;)]TJ 0 -2.8571 TD -0.0002 Tc [(13 my $data;)]TJ 0 -1.4286 TD -0.0001 Tc [(14 if \($child\) { # parent process)]TJ T* [(15 my $uncompress = $dsp->uncompress;)]TJ T* [(16 print $uncompress $data while sysread\($sock, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ T* [(17 kill TERM => $child;)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(18 } else {)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(19 my $compress = $dsp->compress;)]TJ T* [(20 print $sock $data while sysread\($compress, $data, BUFSIZE\);)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(21 })]TJ ET 0 0 0 0.1 k /GS1 gs 342.5 458.5 251 -341 re 311.571 490.329 m f* 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M []0 d 342.5 458.5 251 -341 re S BT /F8 1 Tf 24 0 0 24 400.3325 311.3976 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tw [(CONSUL)117.7(TIX)]TJ 1.0917 -1.2 TD 0.0255 Tw (1/4 page)Tj 0.57 -1.2 TD -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw [(NE)11.6(W)]TJ ET Q 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 495.79 253.798 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 17)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 50 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 492 0 R /Resources 51 0 R /Contents 52 0 R /Thumb 355 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 51 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F5 262 0 R /F8 268 0 R /F10 270 0 R /F11 271 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R >> >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Length 11223 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 81 345.9089 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.1213 Tw [(autoflush pr)5.8(oper)-7.9(ty)84.9(. After r)9.7(estoring )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 233.8085 345.9089 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (STDOUT)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 266.2006 345.9089 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1214 Tw [(, w)5.8(e)0( r)9.7(eturn)]TJ -16.8364 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(the pipe to the caller)59.7(.)]TJ -1.6364 -2.2727 TD 0.1821 Tw [(Listings 4 and 5 sho)11.9(w )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 168.16 308.9088 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (mp3_send.pl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 232.2988 308.9088 Tm (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 252.8646 308.9088 Tm (mp3_recv.pl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 312.2501 308.9088 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.6591 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1247 Tw [(v)5.9(ersions of the earlier simple scripts modified to transmit)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.4079 Tw [(MP3-encoded audio str)9.8(eams. 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Although the MP3)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0517 Tw (encoder and decoder can keep up)Tj T* 0.1609 Tw [(with the data, ther)9.7(e seems to be)]TJ T* 0.0098 Tw [(some latency)84.9(. P)53.9(erhaps the encoder)]TJ T* 0.0125 Tc 0.3624 Tw [(needs to accumulate a cer)-7.9(tain)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2891 Tw [(amount of buffer)9.7(ed sound data)]TJ T* -0.0075 Tw [(befor)9.7(e it will encode it, or perhaps)]TJ T* 0.092 Tw [(I just need faster computers. )44.9(The)]TJ T* 0.1426 Tw [(main testing platform was a pair)]TJ T* -0.0024 Tw [(of 300 MHz P)53.9(entium II desktops.)]TJ T* 0.1842 Tw [(I)12(n)0( any case, I couldn)69.8()79.9(t)0( eliminate)]TJ T* 0.3576 Tw [(this delay b)5.8(y)0( playing with the)]TJ T* 0.338 Tw [(script)17.8()79.9(s transmission buffer)59.7(, and)]TJ T* 0.0682 Tw (the delay is long enough to make)Tj T* 0.0199 Tc 0.745 Tw [(a normal conv)5.8(ersation v)5.8(e)0.1(r)-17.9(y)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (difficult.)Tj 0 -2.2727 TD 0.37 Tw [(N)29.8(e)0(v)5.9(e)0.1(r)-7.8(theless, the pr)5.8(ogram does)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2468 Tw [(allo)11.9(w v)5.8(oice transmissions in r)9.7(eal)]TJ T* 0.0149 Tc 1.0521 Tw [(time acr)5.8(oss slo)11.9(w networ)5.8(k)]TJ T* 1.2689 Tw (connections. Although the)Tj T* -0.0051 Tc 0.0476 Tw [(nominal MP3 bitstr)9.7(eam rate is 32)]TJ T* -0.0116 Tw (kilobits, in practice less bandwidth)Tj T* 0.3253 Tw [(is r)9.7(equir)9.7(ed because of the long)]TJ T* 0.2724 Tw (pauses in speech. I expect it to)Tj T* 0.0149 Tc 0.3745 Tw [(wor)5.8(k betw)5.8(een two moderately)]TJ T* 0.7878 Tw [(w)5.9(ell-connected sites on the)]TJ T* 0.8308 Tw [(I)12(nternet, and perhaps ev)5.8(en)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.153 Tw [(betw)5.8(een hosts connected b)5.8(y)-0.1( 56K)]TJ T* 0.0149 Tc 0.5409 Tw [(modems. Although it doesn)69.8()79.9(t)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.2274 Tw (make much of an IP telephone,)Tj T* 0.2547 Tw [(y)5.8(ou could use the system as an)]TJ T* 0.0999 Tw [(inter)5.8(com, a bab)5.8(y monitor)59.7(, or just)]TJ T* 0.2621 Tw [(surprise y)5.8(our wor)5.8(k)0( associates b)5.8(y)]TJ -9.7648 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(suddenly speaking to them fr)5.7(om an idle computer!)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 342 318.0775 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (S)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 348.2868 318.0775 Tm 0.0228 Tc [(UMMAR)44.7(Y)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 291.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0091 Tw [(W)9.7(ith a little ingenuity and a dab of P)53.9(erl, y)5.8(ou can turn y)5.8(our)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.3586 Tw [(desktop into an IP telephony platform. 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The)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 63 384.0776 Tm 0.0163 Tc 0 Tw (pack)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 92.0646 384.0776 Tm 0.3585 Tw (function is described in )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 214.5026 384.0776 Tm 0 Tw (perlfunc)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 265.7568 384.0776 Tm 0.3585 Tw [(as follo)11.9(ws:)]TJ -18.4324 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2142 Tw [()59.9(pack\(template, list\) takes an array or list of v)5.8(alues and)]TJ T* 0.0017 Tc 0.3732 Tw [(packs it into a binar)-17.9(y str)-7.9(uctur)9.7(e, r)9.7(eturning the string)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0244 Tw [(containing the str)-7.9(uctur)9.7(e. )44.8(This function is ideal for writing)]TJ T* 0.1037 Tw [(the BIFF r)9.7(ecor)13.8(ds contained in an E)5.8(x)12(cel file. 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Each key in the hash has two par)-7.9(ts:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 72.2378 758.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($info{$symbol,$label})Tj 9 0 0 9 63 734.0776 Tm ($symbol)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 107.6654 734.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.375 Tw [(is the symbol that y)5.8(o)0.1(u)49.7()49.8(v)5.9(e)0( r)9.7(equested. 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I)5.8(f)0( the v)5.8(alue of the success label)]TJ T* -0.0005 Tw [(for a giv)5.8(en stock is false, then no useful information could be)]TJ T* 0.0505 Tw [(gained about that symbol at this time. I)5.9(f)0( a failur)9.7(e)0( did occur)59.8(,)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(the r)9.7(eason for that failur)9.8(e will be in the label )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 251.1015 602.0776 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0 Tw (errormsg)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 293.5713 602.0776 Tm 0 Tc (.)Tj -20.961 -2.1818 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0405 Tw (The special label )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 137.459 578.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (price)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 167.648 578.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0405 Tw [(is used to indicate the v)5.8(alue of the)]TJ -9.5135 -1.0909 TD 0.015 Tc 0.3599 Tw [(giv)5.8(en stock. )44.8(This v)5.8(aries a little depending on what)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.064 Tw [(information y)5.8(o)0.1(u)49.7()69.9(r)9.9(e)0( fetching. F)35.8(or stocks, it)17.7()79.9(s)0( usually the last)]TJ T* 0.0125 Tw [(price the stock was traded at. F)35.8(or some inv)5.8(estments, it)17.7()79.9(s)-0.1( the)]TJ T* 0.0872 Tw [(curr)9.7(ent yield \(a per)5.8(centage per-annum\). F)35.8(o)0.1(r curr)9.7(encies it)17.8()79.9(s)]TJ 25.3636 24.7273 TD 0.0515 Tw [(the ex)11.9(change rate, and for index)11.9(es it)17.7()79.9(s)0( the last v)5.8(alue of that)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw (index \(in points\).)Tj 0 -2.1818 TD 0.054 Tw [(The r)9.7(eason the price label is impor)-7.9(tant is that it allo)11.9(ws for)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.1212 Tw [(applications to track mo)15.8(v)5.9(ements without having to kno)11.9(w)]TJ T* 0.1335 Tw [(what it is w)5.8(e)29.7()69.9(r)9.9(e tracking: a stock, a managed fund, or an)]TJ T* 0.046 Tw [(indicator)59.7(. )44.9(The price label pr)5.8(o)15.9(vides us with the information)]TJ T* 0.0107 Tc 0.3642 Tw [(w)5.9(e)0( want. )44.9(This is par)-7.8(ticularly useful for stock ticker)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.185 Tw [(pr)5.8(ograms, allo)11.9(wing them to use F)33.9(inance::Q)5.8(uote to track)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw (things other than just stocks.)Tj 0 -2.1818 TD 0.0011 Tw [(F)35.9(or applications that car)9.7(e about the details, ther)9.7(e ar)9.7(e a wide)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.2279 Tw [(range of labels that can be r)9.7(eturned. )44.8(These include the)]TJ T* 0.112 Tw [(highest and lo)11.9(w)5.9(est prices for the day)84.9(, dividend yields and)]TJ T* 0.0128 Tw [(dates, the time and date that the information is curr)9.7(ent for)59.7(,)]TJ T* -0.0138 Tw [(the v)5.8(olume traded, the name of the stock, and many others.)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(The standar)13.8(d labels ar)9.7(e listed in the sidebar)59.7(.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.0065 Tw [(I)23.9(t)17.8()79.9(s)0( impor)-7.9(tant to r)9.7(emember that the information fetched b)5.8(y)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.3344 Tw [(F)34(inance::Q)5.8(uote is usually delay)5.8(ed, and so is often 30)]TJ T* 0.0847 Tw [(minutes or mor)9.7(e behind what)17.8()79.9(s)0( r)9.7(eally happening. I)5.8(f)0( y)5.8(o)0.1(u)49.7()69.9(r)9.9(e)]TJ T* 0.3327 Tw [(doing curr)9.7(ency conv)5.8(ersions as w)5.8(ell, then the curr)9.7(ency)]TJ T* 0.0333 Tw [(conv)5.8(ersion rate may also be delay)5.8(ed. )14.9(Y)93.9(ou can use the labels)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 393.8934 526.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (date)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 417.9734 526.0776 Tm (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 436.2711 526.0776 Tm (time)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 460.351 526.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0241 Tw (to determine when the data was)Tj -6.0416 -1.0909 TD -0.02 Tw [(r)9.9(egister)9.7(ed it)17.7()79.9(s)0( not unkno)11.9(wn for some sour)5.8(ces)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(to pr)5.8(o)15.9(vide data that is a w)5.8(eek old or mor)9.7(e.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 393.8934 476.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 401.6187 476.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc [(D)35.7(V)74.9(ANCED)]TJ 12 0 0 12 456.7686 476.0776 Tm 0 Tc (U)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 465.8885 476.0776 Tm 0.0226 Tc [(SA)23.5(GE)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 393.8934 450.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0043 Tw [(The basics of F)33.9(inance::Q)5.8(uote ar)9.7(e pr)9.7(etty simple.)]TJ T* 0.2453 Tw [(Y)93.9(ou cr)9.7(eate y)5.8(ourself a F)33.9(inance::Q)5.8(uote object,)]TJ T* 0.1084 Tw [(ask it for some information, and y)5.8(ou get that)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.5229 Tw [(information back in a hash. F)35.9(or most)]TJ T* 0.4269 Tw [(applications, this is all y)5.9(ou r)9.7(eally need.)]TJ T* 0.0173 Tc 0.3576 Tw [(H)17.8(o)12(w)5.9(e)0(v)5.8(e)0.1(r)59.8(,)0( F)33.9(inance::Q)5.8(uote pr)5.8(o)15.9(vides a wide)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1271 Tw [(range of extra featur)9.7(es to help make y)5.8(o)0(ur life)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(easier)59.7(.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 393.8934 340.0776 Tm 0 Tc (C)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 402.401 340.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc (URRENCY)Tj 12 0 0 12 456.5262 340.0776 Tm 0 Tc (C)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 464.9088 340.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc (ONVERSION)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 393.8934 314.0776 Tm 0.0017 Tc 0.3732 Tw [(F)34(inance::Q)5.8(uote has the ability to look up)]TJ T* 0.0005 Tc 0.3744 Tw [(curr)9.6(ency rates, and can ev)5.7(en automatically)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.3101 Tw [(conv)5.8(e)0.1(r)-7.9(t)0.1( for)9.7(eign stocks into local curr)9.7(encies.)]TJ T* 0.1455 Tw [(Let)17.7()79.9(s)-0.1( say y)5.8(ou liv)5.8(e in A)17.8(ustralia, but o)11.9(wn some)]TJ T* 0.3153 Tw [(American stocks. )14.9(Y)93.9(ou may be inter)9.7(ested in)]TJ T* 0.0074 Tw [(kno)11.9(wing the v)5.8(alue of those stocks in A)17.8(u)0.1(stralian)]TJ T* 0.0363 Tw [(dollars, which hav)5.8(e mor)9.7(e meaning to y)5.8(ou than)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(US dollars. H)17.8(e)0.1(r)9.7(e)29.7()79.9(s)0( ho)11.9(w:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 393.8934 210.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw (#!/usr/bin/perl -w)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (use strict;)Tj T* (use Finance::Quote;)Tj 0 -2.2857 TD (my $market = shift;)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (my @stocks = @ARGV;)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc (my $quoter = Finance::Quote->new\(\);)Tj T* ($quoter->set_currency\("AUD"\); # Aussie dollars,)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (thanks.)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw (my %info = $quoter->fetch\($market,@stocks\);)Tj 0 -2.2857 TD -0.0002 Tc (# Print the info here.)Tj /F1 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 63 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw [(42)-1100(F)]TJ 10.44 0 0 10.44 94.2795 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 115.6277 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc (2000)Tj /F3 1 Tf 30.9897 0.0003 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0.03 0.3 0 k 63 518.68 322.89 -401.66 re 587.395 90.357 m f* BT /F8 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 70 507.4117 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc [(S)23.9(tandar)19.7(d F)21.9(inance::Q)5.8(uote Labels)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 70 489.4117 Tm 0.025 Tw [(N)29.7(ot all ex)11.9(changes or stocks hav)5.8(e all these labels av)5.8(ailable, but the range of)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD [(information that F)33.9(inance::Q)5.8(uote can r)9.7(eturn includes:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 459.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (name)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 459.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (Company or mutual fund name)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 447.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (last)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 447.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (Last price)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 435.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (high)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 435.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(H)17.8(ighest trade today)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 423.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (low)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 423.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(Lo)11.9(w)5.8(est trade today)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 411.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (date)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 411.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(Last trade date \(MM/DD/Y)-12(Y format\))]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 399.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (time)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 399.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (Last trade time)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 387.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (net)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 387.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(N)29.7(et change)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 375.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (p_change)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 375.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(P)54(e)0.1(r)5.8(cent change fr)5.8(om pr)9.7(evious day's close)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 363.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (volume)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 363.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(V)100(olume)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 351.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc (avg_vol)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 351.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(A)42.1(v)5.9(erage daily v)5.8(olume)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 339.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (bid)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 339.4117 Tm -0.012 Tc [(Bi)-11.7(d)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 327.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ask)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 327.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc (Ask)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 315.4117 Tm -0.0002 Tc (close)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 315.4117 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(P)29.9(r)9.9(evious close)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 303.4116 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (open)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 303.4116 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(T)119.9(oday's open)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 291.4116 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (day_range)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 291.4116 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(D)6(ay's range)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 279.4116 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (year_range)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 279.4116 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(52-w)5.8(eek range)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 267.4116 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (eps)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 267.4116 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(Earnings per shar)9.7(e)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 255.4116 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (pe)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 255.4116 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(P/E ratio)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 243.4116 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (div_date)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 243.4116 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(D)12.1(ividend pay date)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 70 231.4116 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (div)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 160 231.4116 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(D)12.1(ividend per 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ConGlomCo to Open New Corporate Office in Ougadougou

)]TJ T* [(BAKERSFIELD, CA, 2000-04-24 ConGlomCo's vice president in)]TJ T* [(charge of world conquest, Rock Feldspar, announced today the)]TJ T* [(opening of a new office in Ougadougou, the capital city of)]TJ T* [(Burkina Faso, gateway to the bustling "Silicon Sahara" of)]TJ T* 0 Tw (Africa...)Tj T* ([...etc...])Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 261.0784 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.355 Tw [(What y)5.8(o)0.1(u)49.7()49.8(v)5.9(e)0( got to do is: F)35.8(or each document, copy)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0497 Tw [(whatev)5.8(er text is in the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 161.4987 249.0784 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (h1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 175.5919 249.0784 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0496 Tw [(element, so that y)5.8(ou can make a)]TJ -10.2356 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(table of its contents. N)29.7(o)12(w)74.9(,)0( ther)9.7(e ar)9.7(e thr)9.7(ee ways to do this:)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD [( )14.8(Y)93.9(ou can just use a r)9.7(egex to scan the file for a text pattern.)]TJ 1.6364 -2.1818 TD 0.3407 Tw [(F)35.9(or simple tasks, this will be fine. M)11.9(any HTML)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0273 Tw [(documents ar)9.7(e, in practice, v)5.8(e)0.1(r)-17.9(y)0( consistently formatted)]TJ T* -0.0151 Tw [(with r)9.7(espect to placement of linebr)9.7(eaks and whitespace,)]TJ T* -0.028 Tw [(so y)5.8(ou could just get away with scanning the file like so:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 351.2378 805.2832 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw (sub get_heading {)Tj 2.6394 -1.1429 TD [(my $filename = $_[0];)]TJ T* (local *HTML;)Tj T* (open\(HTML, $filename\))Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc [(or die "Couldn't open $filename\);)]TJ -1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc (my $heading;)Tj -1.3197 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (Line:)Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD 0.06 Tw (while \(\) {)Tj 2.6394 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (if\( )Tj /F11 1 Tf 2.4594 0 TD (m{

\(.*?\)

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Local Man Sees Blade Again

)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 373.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(then the sub-tr)9.7(ee would be:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 72.2378 343.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw ( h1)Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD ( "Local Man Sees ")Tj T* ( cite)Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD ( "Blade")Tj -1.3197 -1.1429 TD ( " Again')Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 288.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (so )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 74.339 288.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc -0.0672 Tw [(join '', $h1->content_list)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 215.9364 288.0775 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.028 Tw [(will r)9.7(esult in something)]TJ -13.9033 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw (like this:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 72.2378 256.0776 Tm 0.0599 Tw [(Local Man Sees HTML::Element=HASH\(0x15424040\) Again)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 232.0776 Tm 0 Tw [(M)24(eanwhile, )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 115.9332 232.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc ($h1->as_text)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 183.7424 232.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (would yield:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 72.2378 212.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw (Local Man Sees Blade Again)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 188.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0206 Tw [(D)6(epending on what y)5.8(o)0.1(u)49.7()69.9(r)9.9(e)0( doing with the heading text, y)5.8(o)0.1(u)]TJ T* 0.1906 Tw (might want the )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 137.2081 176.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (as_HTML)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 179.8449 176.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1905 Tw [(method instead. I)23.9(t)0.1( r)9.7(eturns the)]TJ -10.6223 -1.0909 TD 0.2826 Tw [(sub-tr)9.7(ee r)9.7(epr)9.7(esented as HTML sour)5.8(ce. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 250.2158 164.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($h1->as_HTML)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 152.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (would yield:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 72.2378 132.0775 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(

Local Man Sees Blade Again

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Visit Our Corporate Partner)Tj 0.6248 -1.1429 TD (
)Tj 2.4994 -1.1429 TD ()Tj -3.1242 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (

)Tj T* 0.0599 Tw [(

ConGlomCo President Schreck to Visit Regional HQ)]TJ 0.6248 -1.1429 TD (
)Tj 42.3565 97.1722 TD ()Tj -3.1242 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (

)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 773.2832 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1452 Tw [(H)17.8(e)0.1(r)9.7(e, y)5.8(ou want to ignor)9.7(e the first )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 498.1351 773.2832 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (h1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 513.2797 773.2832 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1452 Tw (element because it)Tj -15.5709 -1.0909 TD 0.0403 Tw [(contains an ad, and y)5.8(ou want the text fr)5.8(om the second )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 580.4528 761.2832 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (h1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 591.2502 761.2832 Tm 0 Tc (.)Tj -22.6591 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1029 Tw [(The pr)5.8(oblem is ho)11.9(w to formaliz)5.8(e what)17.7()79.9(s)0( an ad and what)17.7()79.9(s)]TJ T* 0.1212 Tw [(not. 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A sample parse of the sentence, )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 588.6013 198.3574 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj -27.4001 -1.3333 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3983 Tw [(camel is a horse designed by a committee)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 587.622 186.3574 Tm 0 Tw (is)Tj -22.3293 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(depicted in F)33.9(igur)9.7(e 1.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.0518 Tw [(The primar)-17.9(y par)-7.9(ts of speech ar)9.7(e labeled with )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 537.9122 150.3574 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (.n)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 552.0299 150.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 571.1627 150.3574 Tm -0.0003 Tc (.v)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 585.2802 150.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc (to)Tj 12 0 0 12 63 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc [(60)-1100(F)]TJ 10.44 0 0 10.44 94.2795 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 115.6277 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc (2000)Tj /F3 1 Tf 30.9897 0.0003 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 63 798 531 -37.5 re 587.395 90.357 m f* BT /F8 1 Tf 16 0 0 16 63 786.4766 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (P)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 71.3629 786.4766 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ARSING)Tj 16 0 0 16 126.8388 786.4766 Tm 0 Tc (N)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 139.3153 786.4766 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(A)81.6(TURAL)]TJ 16 0 0 16 196.8846 786.4766 Tm 0 Tc (L)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 206.0081 786.4766 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(ANGU)35.8(A)17.8(G)0.1(E)]TJ /F7 1 Tf 16 0 0 16 521.6869 786.4766 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0252 Tw (Dan Brian)Tj /F8 1 Tf 13.92 0 0 13.92 63 768.4766 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (WITH)Tj 16 0 0 16 106.6731 768.4766 Tm 0 Tc (L)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 115.6301 768.4766 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(INGU)35.7(A)]TJ 16 0 0 16 160.3329 768.4766 Tm (::L)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 177.4462 768.4766 Tm -0.0003 Tc (INK)Tj 16 0 0 16 202.744 768.4766 Tm 0 Tc (P)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 211.107 768.4766 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ARSER)Tj ET /Cs10 CS 1 SCN 0 J 0 j 6 w 10 M []0 d 63 807 m 207 807 l S 0 0.03 0.3 0 k /GS1 gs 63.25 746.75 251.5 -53.5 re 253.173 768.477 m f* BT /F9 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 160.5981 730.1238 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs [(Resour)24.7(ces)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 72.5 716.1238 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0249 Tw [(Link)-250.1(G)24(rammar P)41.9(arser 4.1)-59.6(....................http://www)74.9(.link.cs.cmu.edu)]TJ 0 -1.3333 TD 0 Tc [(Lingua::LinkP)42(arser 1.01)-88.4(.......................................................CP)39.8(A)0.2(N)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0.5 w /GS1 gs 63.25 746.75 251.5 -53.5 re 304.52 704.124 m S 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 63 134 531 -22.5 re 304.52 704.124 m f* BT 6 0 0 6 63 129.4981 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tw (1)Tj 9 0 0 9 66 127.5181 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(D)12.1(rs. S)11.9(leator and Laffer)-7.9(ty hail fr)5.8(om the computer science depar)-7.9(tment of Carnegie M)23.9(ellon U)35.8(niv)5.8(ersity)84.9(, and D)11.9(r)59.9(. )44.8(T)119.9(emperley fr)5.8(om the m)]TJ 51.1914 0 TD [(usic depar)-7.9(tment at)]TJ -51.5248 -1.1111 TD [(Eastman. I wanted to go to Eastman. I)23.8(t)0.1( didn)69.7()79.9(t)0( wor)5.8(k)0( out.)]TJ ET 63 139.5 m 594 139.5 l S 0 0 0 0 k /GS1 gs 207.65 350.14 385.85 -78.67 re 260.031 117.518 m f* Q q 1 i 207.65 350.14 385.85 -78.67 re W* n q 387.1941 0 0 79.9988 207.15 270.6412 cm /Im7 Do Q Q q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M []0 d 207.65 350.14 385.85 -78.67 re S 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 207.15 365.92 386.85 -13.7 re f* BT /F8 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 207.148 357.9973 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(F)21.9(igur)19.7(e 1. A sample parse, with links.)]TJ /F9 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 343.9083 562.4206 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0.0277 Tw [(Man)19.6(y)0.1( a)9.6(ppr)24.7(oaches to Natural Langua)14.7(g)14.7(e)]TJ 0.5121 -1.1429 TD [(Pr)24.7(ocessing ha)34.7(v)19.8(e)0( been pursued in the)]TJ 1.0384 -1.1429 TD [(past f)9.6(e)14.9(w decades,)-196(but f)9.6(e)14.9(w ar)19.6(e as)]TJ 0.3531 -1.1429 TD [(popular as the Link Grammar)99.7(.)]TJ ET 2 w 342 582 m 594 582 l S 0.667 w 342 579.33 m 594 579.33 l 342 504.85 m 594 504.85 l S 2 w 342 502.18 m 594 502.18 l S Q 0 0 0 0 k 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 565.441 514.421 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 60)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 184 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Width 242 /Height 50 /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace 285 0 R /Length 1315 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream HW [Flv$ЮDj3\[Ggtf jӼλ_3PB *TPB 3 `t^r JffQTaA04/~1=*7|wh (u:"v'}D)QxKd@tLt01}2!Dݎ:o+ a4g~7@G;v"f Tu{ۆQS X7x"NNDÚ1SqaR~Ӱ(a`^iKO]!q!ƍQˑ]Z#1aLjNAݲ-%y>pG;K BqL,19T }Uz\ PcAtDrL-n8̞^(In fd)/-ͫn0 xj(,OPowmGu4\>8cr"ZkC_P:#)ݽ茷LQid|s.RP<ڵUڠMUIڴ)}/JCbbr'UBklo&(,4)tr򉌏҂,XT?V=(UJSXʿB oQŨ(arދnP\[#vM^] eXQ _)e[ 0{xGM}'Ʌ>|:p|u:~[f.JWFH^U@gLJ eNi096WW 9ɸAl~ /oC*\)f19xNЍ&O̓S1Jr|;_+03C&DL<B |2.α I o,9.+ ':5{Lm5]W#-ƭ\SpS kT֜;}^+IûeߍZ܂_IZ8@8t95t5iR0^xb^ƒȚg TyB C#'d endstream endobj 185 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 497 0 R /Resources 186 0 R /Contents 187 0 R /Thumb 441 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 186 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F8 268 0 R >> /XObject << /Im8 188 0 R /Im9 189 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R /Cs18 287 0 R /Cs19 288 0 R >> >> endobj 187 0 obj << /Length 12788 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 424.0503 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.0443 Tw [(indicate that these wor)13.8(ds ar)9.7(e nouns and v)5.8(erbs, r)9.7(espectiv)5.8(ely)84.9(.)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0731 Tw [(The labels of the links betw)5.8(een wor)13.8(ds indicate the type of)]TJ T* -0.0257 Tw [(link. F)35.8(or example, the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 157.7444 400.0503 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (J)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 165.61 400.0503 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0257 Tw (connector in this sentence indicates)Tj -9.3282 -1.0909 TD -0.0014 Tw [(a connection betw)5.8(een pr)9.7(epositions and their objects; in this)]TJ T* 0.0139 Tw [(case, the v)5.8(erb )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 122.7955 376.0503 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (designed)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 168.8878 376.0503 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0139 Tw (is connected to )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 236.0685 376.0503 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0334 Tw (by a committee)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 312.25 376.0503 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (,)Tj -22.6591 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0015 Tw [(identifying a pr)9.7(epositional phrase. )44.9(The sidebar )89.8(A)0.1( F)35.8(e)-5.9(w Link)]TJ T* 0.1768 Tw [(G)24(rammar Connectors)39.7( briefly summariz)5.8(es the links used)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(abo)15.8(v)5.9(e)0( and else)-5.9(wher)9.7(e in this ar)-7.9(ticle.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.1683 Tw [(The Link P)41.9(arser 4.0 pr)5.8(o)15.9(vides 107 primar)-17.9(y)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.2252 Tw [(types of links \(indicated b)5.8(y)0( the upper)5.8(case)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.3739 Tw (letters\), with many additional subtypes)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2225 Tw [(fur)-7.9(ther detailing the r)9.7(elationship of wor)13.8(ds)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.3551 Tw [(\(indicated b)5.8(y)0( the lo)11.9(w)5.9(e)0.1(r)5.8(case characters\).)]TJ T* 0.551 Tw (While the accuracy of the parser is)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1043 Tw [(r)9.9(emar)5.8(kable, it is tailor)9.7(ed to ne)-5.9(wspaper-style)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.7817 Tw [(grammar)59.8(, and will fail with mor)9.7(e)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(conv)5.8(ersational statements.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.1427 Tw [(The inner wor)5.8(kings of the parser ar)9.7(e fairly)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0094 Tc 0.3655 Tw (complex, but they use principles which)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0309 Tw [(might be familiar)59.7(. A link grammar considers)]TJ T* 0.1744 Tw [(a sentence to be pr)5.8(oper if it satisfies thr)9.7(ee)]TJ T* 0 Tw (conditions:)Tj 0 -2.1818 TD 0.1504 Tw [(1. P)5.8(lanarity: )44.8(The link ar)5.8(cs abo)15.8(v)5.9(e)0( wor)13.8(ds do)]TJ 27.4 61.6388 TD 0.025 Tw [(not cr)5.8(oss.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.158 Tw [(2. Connectivity: )44.8(The links connect all of the wor)13.8(ds)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0 Tw [(together)59.7(.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.3315 Tw [(3. S)11.9(atisfaction: I)11.9(n)0.1(dividual linking r)9.7(equir)9.7(ements of)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0249 Tw [(each wor)13.8(d ar)9.7(e satisfied.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0838 Tw [(The parser uses a dictionar)-18(y that contains the linking)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.1393 Tw [(r)9.9(equir)9.7(ements of each wor)13.8(d. F)35.8(or example, the wor)13.8(ds)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 364.4005 682.0776 Tm 0 Tw (the)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 380.4616 682.0776 Tm -0.005 Tc (, )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 385.4443 682.0776 Tm -0.0052 Tc (chased)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 417.5665 682.0776 Tm -0.005 Tc (, )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 422.5491 682.0776 Tm -0.0052 Tc (dog)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 438.6102 682.0776 Tm -0.037 Tw (, and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 461.5281 682.0776 Tm 0 Tw (cat)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 479.8769 682.0776 Tm -0.037 Tw [(ar)9.7(e sho)11.9(wn belo)11.9(w with their)]TJ -10.4978 -15.2727 TD 0.0328 Tw [(linking r)9.7(equir)9.7(ements. )44.8(The )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 477.3905 514.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (D)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 485.8006 514.0776 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.0328 Tw [(within the bo)5.8(x abo)15.8(v)5.9(e)-0.1( )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 577.8941 514.0776 Tm 0 Tw (the)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 364.4005 502.0776 Tm -0.0184 Tw [(indicates that another wor)13.8(d must connect with )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 561.7668 502.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (D)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 569.6125 502.0776 Tm -0.0051 Tc -0.0184 Tw (to the)Tj -18.6556 -1.0909 TD 0.0813 Tw (right of )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 400.1457 490.0776 Tm 0 Tw (the)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 423.3867 490.0776 Tm 0.0813 Tw [(in or)13.8(der for the link r)9.7(equir)9.7(ements to be)]TJ -5.3624 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(satisfied for that wor)13.8(d.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1137 Tw [(F)35.9(or these wor)13.8(ds to form a sentence, the parser must)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0791 Tw [(find them in an or)13.8(der which satisfies the abo)15.8(v)5.9(e)0( thr)9.7(ee)]TJ T* -0.0054 Tw [(r)9.9(equir)9.7(ements. )14.8(When a wor)13.8(d has mor)9.7(e)0( than one r)5.8(o)12(w of)]TJ -2.0364 -1.0909 TD 0.0105 Tw [(connectors, only one side \(left or right\) of each r)5.8(o)12(w may be)]TJ T* 0.0565 Tw (connected \(e.g. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 410.3947 406.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (cat)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 429.962 406.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0565 Tw [(has a r)5.8(o)12(w )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 474.2334 406.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (D)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 483.0033 406.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0564 Tw [(and a r)5.8(o)12(w )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 529.4285 406.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (O/S)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 545.6245 406.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0.0565 Tw (, so )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 564.0143 406.0776 Tm 0 Tw (D)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 572.7843 406.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc (must)Tj -20.9804 -1.0909 TD -0.0036 Tw (be connected along with either )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 475.3093 394.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (O)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 483.418 394.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc (or )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 495.1219 394.0776 Tm 0 Tc (S)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 500.5206 394.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0036 Tw [(\). )14.9(When only one r)5.8(o)12(w)]TJ -14.411 -1.0909 TD 0.0159 Tw [(exists on a single lev)5.8(el \(e.g. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 458.7521 382.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (cat)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 477.8724 382.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc (has )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 494.4553 382.0776 Tm 0 Tc (D)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 499.854 382.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0159 Tw (\), one connector must)Tj -14.3504 -1.0909 TD 0.0471 Tw [(be linked. )44.9(The meaning of each link used her)9.7(e is indicated)]TJ T* -0.0123 Tw [(abo)15.8(v)5.9(e. )44.8(Thus, the follo)11.9(wing arrangement is corr)9.7(ect: )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 556.4746 358.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc -0.0295 Tw (The cat)Tj -23.8305 -1.3333 TD 0.06 Tw (chased the dog)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 418.6613 346.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj -6.9692 -2.1818 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2295 Tw [(The unused connectors ar)9.7(e gray)5.8(ed out in this example.)]TJ 12 0 0 12 517.3723 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (F)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 523.4518 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 544.7999 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0.025 Tw [(2000 61)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -40.15 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0.03 0.3 0 k 63 810 289.4 -366.03 re 162.892 90.354 m f* BT /F8 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 67 797.0776 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc [(A F)35.8(ew Link G)23.9(rammar Connectors.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 776.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.3987 776.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(: connects pr)9.7(e-noun \()59.8(attributiv)5.8(e)29.7(\) adjectiv)5.8(es to follo)11.9(wing nouns:)]TJ -0.4908 -1.0909 TD [()-17.7(The BIG BL)-12(A)12.1(CK UGL)69.8(Y DOG chased me.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 745.0776 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (AN)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 77.7974 745.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(: connects noun-modifiers to follo)11.9(wing nouns:)]TJ -0.9816 -1.0909 TD [()-17.7(The )44.7(T)64.9(AX PR)35.8(OPOSAL was r)9.7(ejected.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 714.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (C)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.3987 714.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(: connects conjunctions and some v)5.8(erbs to subjects of clauses:)]TJ -0.4908 -1.0909 TD [(H)17.8(e SAID HE was sorr)-17.9(y)84.9(.)0.1()]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 683.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (D)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.3987 683.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (: connects determiners to nouns:)Tj -0.4908 -1.0909 TD [()-17.7(THE DOG chased A CA)69.8(T and SOME BIRDS.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 652.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (G)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.3987 652.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(: connects pr)5.8(oper noun wor)13.8(ds together in series:)]TJ -0.4908 -1.0909 TD [(GEOR)35.8(GE HERBER)44.9(T )14.8(W)74.9(ALKER B)9.7(USH is her)9.7(e.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 621.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (J)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.3987 621.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(: connects pr)9.7(epositions with their objects:)]TJ -0.4908 -1.0909 TD [()-17.7(The man )14.8(WITH the HA)69.8(T is her)9.7(e.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 590.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (M)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.3987 590.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(: connects nouns to v)5.8(arious kinds of post-noun modifiers)]TJ -0.4908 -1.0909 TD [(\(pr)9.7(epositional phrases, par)-7.9(ticiple modifiers, and so on\):)]TJ T* [()-17.7(The MAN )14.8(WITH the hat.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67 547.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (O)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 72.3987 547.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(: connects transitiv)5.8(e v)5.8(erbs to their dir)9.7(ect or indir)9.7(ect objects:)]TJ -0.4908 -1.0909 TD [(I GA)79.8(VE HIM the 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0.0255 Tw [(F)21.9(igur)19.7(e 2. S)11.9(o)0(me linking r)19.7(equir)19.7(ements.)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k /GS1 gs 263.07 293.41 330.43 -175.91 re 527.843 661.243 m f* Q q 329.595 0 0 174.3973 263.57 118.5126 cm /Im9 Do Q q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M []0 d 263.07 293.41 330.43 -175.91 re S BT /F8 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 262.5701 302.4099 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(F)21.9(igur)19.7(e 3. 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Y)94(o)0.2(u)]TJ -20.849 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1104 Tw [(can mentally shuffle these wor)13.9(ds to see that )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 258.8677 778.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (cat)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 279.0276 778.0776 Tm (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 298.804 778.0776 Tm (dog)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 766.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.04 Tw [(could be swapped, and likely would be if our pr)5.8(ogram had)]TJ T* 0.3168 Tw [(any semantic kno)11.9(wledge. M)23.9(o)15.9(ving other wor)13.9(ds ar)5.8(ound,)]TJ T* 0.1154 Tw [(ho)11.9(w)5.9(e)0(v)5.8(e)0.1(r)59.7(,)0( will br)9.7(eak the link criterion and deem the parse)]TJ T* 0 Tw (ungrammatical.)Tj 0 -2.1818 TD 0.1954 Tw [(All of these r)9.7(equir)9.7(ements ar)9.7(e stor)9.7(ed in the Link P)41.9(a)0.1(rser)19.7()79.9(s)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD -0.011 Tw [(dictionar)-17.9(y files. )44.9(The files use a link dictionar)-17.9(y language)29.7( to)]TJ T* 0.037 Tw [(list the r)9.7(equir)9.7(ements for each wor)13.9(d, and ar)9.7(e themselv)5.8(es an)]TJ T* 0.0149 Tc 0.36 Tw [(inter)9.7(esting study in pattern r)9.7(epr)9.7(esentation. A highly)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.175 Tw [(optimiz)5.8(ed custom algorithm pr)5.8(ocesses the data in these)]TJ T* 0.2476 Tw [(files, analyzing the possible links. )44.8(This algorithm is y)5.8(e)0(t)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(another fascinating study in and of itself)15.8(.)]TJ 7.15 0 0 7.15 237.7632 636.5496 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 11 0 0 11 63 610.0776 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.2179 Tw [(B)5.8(ecause the r)9.7(esear)5.8(chers at CMU had the gener)5.7(osity and)]TJ T* 0.0149 Tc 0.4117 Tw [(intelligence to make their pr)5.8(oject r)9.7(esear)5.8(ch open to)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.1576 Tw [(dev)5.8(elopers like us, w)5.8(e)0( can examine the ingenuity of their)]TJ T* 0.0467 Tw [(methods. )14.8(W)77.8(e)0( can use and modify their w)5.7(ell-conceiv)5.8(ed AP)11.9(I.)]TJ T* -0.0374 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( can extend and combine the functionality of their system)]TJ T* 0.005 Tw [(with that of other language pr)5.7(ocessing technologies. And, of)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(course, P)53.9(erl makes it all possible, practical, and inevitable.)]TJ /F8 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 63 512.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (L)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 69.9577 512.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc [(INGU)35.7(A)]TJ 12 0 0 12 104.6846 512.0776 Tm 0.0198 Tc (::L)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 118.2395 512.0776 Tm 0.0227 Tc (INK)Tj 12 0 0 12 137.9327 512.0776 Tm 0 Tc (P)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 144.4449 512.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc (ARSER)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 490.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2691 Tw [(The Link G)23.9(rammar parser itself is a complex piece of)]TJ T* 0.0652 Tw [(softwar)9.7(e implementing a complex theor)-17.9(y of language. )44.8(The)]TJ T* 0.0667 Tw [(P)54(erl module Lingua::LinkP)41.9(arser dir)9.7(ectly embeds the parser)]TJ T* -0.0248 Tw [(AP)11.9(I, pr)5.8(o)15.9(viding an object-oriented inter)-7.9(face that y)5.8(ou can use)]TJ T* 0.3638 Tw [(fr)5.8(om y)5.8(our P)53.9(e)0.1(rl pr)5.8(ograms. O)5.8(bjects may be cr)9.7(eated to)]TJ T* 0.1286 Tw [(r)9.9(epr)9.7(esent sentences, linkages, links, individual wor)13.8(ds, and)]TJ T* -0.0349 Tw [(the parser itself)15.8(. As an example, consider the follo)11.9(wing code:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 70.6979 398.0776 Tm -0.1102 Tc 0.06 Tw [(use Lingua::LinkParser;)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD (use strict;)Tj 0 -2.2857 TD -0.1101 Tc [(my $parser = new Lingua::LinkParser; # create the parser)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(my $text = "Moses supposes his toses are roses.";)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(my $sentence = $parser->create_sentence\($text\); # parse the sentence)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(my $linkage = $sentence->linkage\(1\); # use the first linkage)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD [(print $parser->get_diagram\($linkage\); # print it out)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 302.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (This code will output:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 81.4756 278.0776 Tm 0 Tw (+-------------------------Xp------------------------+)Tj 0 -1.7143 TD -0.0002 Tc [(|)-9597.6(+------Ce------+)-11397.3(|)]TJ T* (+---Wd--+---Ss---+)Tj 14.5764 0 TD -0.0152 Tc [(+--Dmc--+--Spx--+--Opt-+)-2599.6(|)]TJ -14.7364 -1.7143 TD 0.0198 Tc [(|)59.9( |)59.9( |)59.9( |)-4069(|)85( )25( )25( )25( )25( )25( )25( )25(|)85( )25( )25( )25( )25( )25( )25(|)-2534.7(|)]TJ -2.4794 -1.7143 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(LEFT-WALL Moses supposes.v his toses[!].n are.v roses.n .)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 206.0776 Tm 0.1662 Tw [(W)9.7(ithout delving into all the details, this diagram r)9.7(e)0(v)5.8(eals)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.1324 Tw [(some inter)9.7(esting things about the parser)59.7(. F)33.9(irst, )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 271.8105 194.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (supposes)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 182.0776 Tm (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 83.3611 182.0776 Tm (are)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 104.1057 182.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(hav)5.8(e )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 127.8023 182.0776 Tm 0 Tc (v)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 137.7496 182.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1635 Tw [(labels, indicating that they)29.7()69.9(r)9.9(e v)5.8(erbs. )44.8(The)]TJ -6.7954 -1.0909 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(wor)13.7(d )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 87.5781 170.0776 Tm (roses)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 117.453 170.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.012 Tw (is labeled )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 159.275 170.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (n)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 167.5552 170.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.012 Tw (for noun, as is )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 230.9097 170.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (toses)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 257.9031 170.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0329 Tw (. The )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 283.2009 170.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ([!])Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 302.2785 170.0776 Tm (tag)Tj -21.7526 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1245 Tw (next to )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 98.2151 158.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (toses)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 129.328 158.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1245 Tw [(indicates that the parser isn)69.8()79.9(t)0( familiar with)]TJ 19.3338 58.5454 TD 0.0026 Tw [(this wor)13.8(d, which usually means that it isn)69.7()79.9(t)0( a wor)13.8(d at all. S)11.9(o)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0371 Tw [(ev)5.8(en with a wor)13.8(d it)17.7()79.9(s)-0.1( nev)5.8(er seen befor)9.7(e, the Link G)23.9(rammar)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(can identify the par)-7.9(t of speech.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.0296 Tw [(The diagrams help us understand the link grammar)59.7(, but to)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0071 Tw [(use the information within a pr)5.8(ogram r)9.7(equir)9.7(es access to the)]TJ T* 0.0981 Tw [(links themselv)5.8(es. Continuing with the pr)5.8(ogram abo)15.8(v)5.9(e, w)5.8(e)]TJ T* 0.1366 Tw [(will extract fr)5.8(om the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 437.0447 718.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($linkage)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 484.4875 718.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1367 Tw (object an array of )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 567.0067 718.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($word)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 706.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3056 Tw [(objects. )44.9(These will spring into existence, along with a)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 342 694.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (links\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 382.6009 694.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0055 Tw [(method to r)9.7(eturn an array of )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 507.2512 694.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($link)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 537.0547 694.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0094 Tw [(objects. W)77.8(ell,)]TJ -17.7322 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw (just watch:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 360.4756 664.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw (my @words = $linkage->words;)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD [(foreach my $word \(@words\) {)]TJ 2.6394 -1.1429 TD (print "\\"", $word->text, "\\"\\n";)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc [(foreach my $link \($word->links\) {)]TJ 2.6394 -1.1429 TD [(print " link type '", $link->linklabel, )]TJ T* [("' to word '", $link->linkword, "'\\n";)]TJ -2.6394 -1.1428 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (})Tj -2.6394 -1.1429 TD (})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 584.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(An ex)11.9(cerpt fr)5.8(om the output:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 360.4756 564.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ("Moses")Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(link type 'Wd' to word '0:LEFT-WALL')]TJ T* [(link type 'Ss' to word '2:supposes.v')]TJ -1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ("supposes.v")Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(link type 'Ss' to word '1:Moses')]TJ T* [(link type 'Ce' to word '4:toses[!]')]TJ -1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ("his")Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(link type 'Dmc' to word '4:toses[!]')]TJ -1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ("toses[!]")Tj 1.3197 -1.1429 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(link type 'Ce' to word '2:supposes.v')]TJ T* [(link type 'Dmc' to word '3:his')]TJ T* [(link type 'Spx' to word '5:are.v')]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 452.0776 Tm 0.2257 Tw [(Kno)11.9(wing the par)-7.9(t of speech and linkages of each wor)13.8(d)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0347 Tw [(allo)11.9(ws us to use grammatical constr)-7.9(ucts in a pr)5.8(ogram. Let)17.7()79.9(s)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw (write one.)Tj /F8 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 342 402.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (I)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 346.4851 402.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc [(RREGUL)-12.2(AR)]TJ 12 0 0 12 406.6379 402.0776 Tm 0 Tc (R)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 414.747 402.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc [(EGUL)-12.2(AR)]TJ 12 0 0 12 460.7277 402.0776 Tm 0 Tc (E)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 467.9257 402.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc (XPRESSIONS)Tj 12 0 0 12 532.0117 402.0776 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -15.8343 -1.1667 TD (O)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 351.4941 388.0776 Tm 0.0228 Tc [(VERL)17.6(O)29.6(ADED)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 362.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0225 Tw [(R)12.1(eturning to our original pr)5.8(oblem, ho)11.9(w can w)5.8(e)0( expand our)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.1887 Tw [(pattern matches to handle grammatical constr)-7.9(ucts rather)]TJ T* 0.054 Tw [(than simple combinations of metacharacters? )14.8(W)77.8(e)0( hav)5.8(e two)]TJ T* 0.047 Tw [(tools: the Link P)41.9(arser just described, and P)53.9(erl)11.9()79.9(s)-0.1( )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 18.4406 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(o)12(v)5.9(er)11.8(loading)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 4.2185 0 TD 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.6591 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0174 Tw [(which allo)11.9(ws us to r)9.7(edefine ho)11.9(w P)53.9(erl)11.9()79.9(s)0( operators operate. I)11.9(n)]TJ T* -0.0368 Tw [(par)-7.9(ticular)59.7(, w)5.8(e)29.7()69.9(r)9.9(e going to r)9.7(edefine ho)11.9(w P)53.9(e)0.1(rl pr)5.8(ocesses strings.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.0007 Tc 0.3742 Tw [(N)29.7(o)0.1(rmally)84.9(, operator o)15.8(v)5.9(erloading is used to extend the)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0147 Tw (definition of common operators, like )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 502.3828 266.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (+)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 507.7814 266.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0147 Tw [(, so that y)5.8(ou can say)]TJ -15.071 -1.0909 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.6562 Tw (things like )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 405.8688 254.0776 Tm 1.6025 Tw [($madness = $vanhalen_mp3 +)]TJ -7.0965 -1.3333 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($vivaldi_mp3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 409.8092 242.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(and o)15.8(v)5.9(erlay two MP3s as a r)9.7(esult. )]TJ -6.1645 -2.1818 TD 0.0884 Tw [(F)35.9(or our purposes, w)5.8(e)0( o)15.8(v)5.9(erload double-quote pr)5.8(ocessing in)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0697 Tw [(the Lingua::LinkP)41.9(arser::Linkage package so that when y)5.8(o)0.1(u)]TJ T* 0.0024 Tc 0.3725 Tw (print a linkage object, it displays a linkage diagram.)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0606 Tw [(F)24(u)0.1(r)-7.9(t)0(hermor)9.7(e, to pattern match the data, w)5.8(e)0( need a format)]TJ T* 0.2391 Tw [(that is mor)9.7(e easily parsed, but still just a single string.)]TJ T* 0.2211 Tw [(S)12.1(omething like the follo)11.9(wing would be nice, listing the)]TJ 12 0 0 12 63 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw [(62)-1100(F)]TJ 10.44 0 0 10.44 94.2795 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 115.6277 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc (2000)Tj /F3 1 Tf 30.9897 0.0003 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 63 144 531 -33.63 re 587.395 90.357 m f* BT /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 63 139.4981 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj 9 0 0 9 66 137.5181 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(F)35.9(or those inter)9.7(ested, the algorithm is similar to the dynamic algorithm for triangulation of a conv)5.8(ex polygon, and has r)-7.9(unning )]TJ 49.2764 0 TD (time of O\(N)Tj 5.85 0 0 5.85 554.217 139.5305 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (3)Tj 9 0 0 9 557.142 137.5181 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0198 Tw (\). The)Tj -54.9047 -1.1111 TD 0.025 Tw [(general theor)-17.9(y)84.9(,)0( optimizations, and formalisms ar)9.7(e all detailed in the r)9.7(esear)5.8(chers)39.7( papers. F)35.8(rankly)84.9(, it)17.7()79.9(s)0( r)9.7(emar)5.8(kable that it r)-7.9(u)0(n)]TJ 47.2192 0 TD [(s as fast as it does giv)5.8(en the)]TJ -47.2192 -1.1111 TD [(computation r)9.7(equir)9.7(ed.)]TJ ET 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 63 149.5 m 594 149.5 l S Q 0 0 0 0 k 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 141.407 117.518 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 62)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 193 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 497 0 R /Resources 194 0 R /Contents 195 0 R /Thumb 445 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 194 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F8 268 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R >> >> endobj 195 0 obj << /Length 8627 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 802.0776 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.1469 Tw [(wor)13.8(ds with their links on each side in an or)13.8(der)9.7(ed, linear)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (format:)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 63 770.0776 Tm 0.06 Tw [(\(Wd:0:LEFT-WALL)-6148.7("Moses" Ss:2:supposes.v\))-510.1(\\)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(\(Ss:1:Moses)-8538.1("supposes.v" Ce:4:toses[!]\) \\)]TJ T* [(\( )-13236.8("his" Dmc:4:toses[!]\))-1019.9(\\)]TJ T* [(\(Ce:2:supposes Dmc:3:his "toses[!]" Spx:5:are.v\))-3174.5(\\)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 722.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0827 Tw [(W)77.8(e)0( can get this type of output with )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 223.7192 722.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1985 Tw (print $linkage)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 304.7464 722.0776 Tm -0.0059 Tc 0 Tw (by)Tj -21.9769 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0003 Tw (modifying the file )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 141.6701 710.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Linkage/Linkage.pm)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 241.5998 710.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0003 Tw (and changing the)Tj -16.2363 -1.0909 TD 0.1189 Tw [(o)15.9(v)5.9(erload behavior)59.7(. F)33.9(igur)9.7(e 3 sho)11.9(ws the change, illustrating)]TJ T* 0.1602 Tw [(the r)9.7(esults of )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 125.191 686.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (new_as_string\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 210.6835 686.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1602 Tw (method rather than the)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 63 674.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (as_string\(\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 125.2431 674.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0098 Tw [(method. N)29.7(o)12(w)74.9(,)0( printing the object )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 271.8106 674.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($linkage)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 662.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2351 Tw [(fr)5.8(om the pr)9.7(evious examples will output the text sho)11.9(wn)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(abo)15.8(v)5.9(e, in one long string.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD -0.0201 Tc 0.2059 Tw [(F)34(i)0(nally)84.9(, w)5.8(e)0( can pattern match that text to find what w)5.7(e)29.7()69.9(r)9.9(e)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.1248 Tw [(looking for)59.7(.)-0.1( I)11.9(n)0( this case, w)5.8(e)29.7()69.9(r)9.9(e going to look for the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 284.7038 614.0776 Tm -0.0203 Tc 0 Tw (Ss)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 299.0444 614.0776 Tm -0.0201 Tc (link)Tj -21.4586 -1.0909 TD [(fr)5.7(om )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 85.2591 602.0776 Tm (Moses)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 111.3526 602.0776 Tm -0.0149 Tw [(, indicating a connector to the v)5.7(erb for our subject:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 81.4756 582.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw ($Moses = '"Moses" ';)Tj 0 -1.1428 TD ($does_something = 'Ss:\\d+:\(\\w+\)\\.v';)Tj T* ($action_by_moses = "$Moses$does_something";)Tj 0 -2.2857 TD [(if \($linkage =~ /$action_by_moses/o\) {)]TJ 2.6394 -1.1429 TD (print "What does Moses do? He $1.\\n";)Tj -2.6394 -1.1429 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 514.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0925 Tw (This prints )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 114.5893 514.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2221 Tw [(What does Moses do? He supposes.)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 300.9413 514.0776 Tm -0.0779 Tc 0 Tw (We)Tj -21.631 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.043 Tw [(could take the idea fur)-7.9(ther b)5.8(y)0( o)15.8(v)5.9(erloading the right side of)]TJ T* 0.1696 Tw [(our r)9.7(egular expr)9.7(essions and getting them to r)9.7(eturn )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 293.4055 490.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (word)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 478.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(objects, but w)5.8(e)0( won)69.8()79.9(t)0(.)]TJ 25.3636 29.4546 TD 0.2695 Tw [(P)54(eeking under the hood, her)9.7(e)29.7()79.9(s ho)11.9(w the o)15.8(v)5.9(erloading is)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0 Tw (implemented.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 342 770.0786 Tm -0.0602 Tc 0.06 Tw [(use overload q\(""\) => "new_as_string";)]TJ 0 -2.2857 TD (sub new_as_string {)Tj 2.3994 -1.1429 TD (my $linkage = shift;)Tj T* (my $return = '';)Tj T* (my $i = 0;)Tj T* [(foreach my $word \($linkage->words\) {)]TJ 2.3994 -1.1429 TD (my \($before,$after\) = '';)Tj T* (foreach my $link \($word->links\) {)Tj 2.3994 -1.1429 TD [(my $position = $link->linkposition;)]TJ T* [(my $text)-2774.5(= $link->linkword;)]TJ T* [(my $type)-2799.4(= $link->linklabel;)]TJ T* (if \($position < $i\) {)Tj 2.3994 -1.1429 TD [($before .= "$type:$position:$text ";)]TJ -2.3994 -1.1429 TD (} elsif \($position > $i\) {)Tj 2.3994 -1.1429 TD ($after.= "$type:$position:$text ";)Tj -2.3994 -1.1429 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (})Tj -2.3994 -1.1429 TD (})Tj T* -0.0602 Tc 0.06 Tw [($return .= "\(" . $before . 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O)5.8(ur top-)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(lev)5.8(el r)-7.9(ule looks like this:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 350.1878 535.0776 Tm -0.0752 Tc 0.06 Tw (startrule : \()Tj 1.4017 -1.1429 TD -0.0751 Tc [(preproc {print $item{preproc};})]TJ T* (| comment {print $item{comment};})Tj T* (| global_var_declaration {print $item{global_var_declaration};} )Tj T* (| function_definition {print $item{function_definition};})Tj T* (| function_prototype {print $item{function_prototype};})Tj -1.4017 -1.1429 TD -0.0752 Tc 0 Tw (\)\(s\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 463.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.257 Tw [(This tells P)41.9(arse::R)11.9(ecD)5.8(escent to collect the r)9.7(eturn string)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.3553 Tw [(fr)5.8(om any of those constr)-7.9(ucts and print the r)9.7(esult to)]TJ T* 0.1709 Tw [(STDOUT)119.8(. )44.9(The par)9.7(entheses ar)5.8(ound the subr)-7.9(ules indicate)]TJ T* 0.2911 Tw [(that w)5.8(e)0( might find mor)9.7(e)0( than one )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 511.5119 427.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (startrule)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 566.0527 427.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2912 Tw (in the)Tj -20.3684 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(pr)5.8(ogram. \(U)29.7(sually)84.9(, w)5.8(e)0( will.\))]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2843 Tw [(N)29.7(ote that )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 391.4227 391.0776 Tm 0 Tw (startrule)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 445.4283 391.0776 Tm 0.2843 Tw (is the )Tj /F5 1 Tf 2.8312 0 TD 0 Tw (only)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0279 0 TD 0.2843 Tw [(r)-7.7(ule allo)11.9(w)5.8(ed to print)]TJ -14.2616 -1.0909 TD -0.002 Tw (anything. 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I)5.8(f)]TJ T* 0.3708 Tw [(our mathematical symbols ar)9.7(e simply contractions for)]TJ T* 0.1921 Tw [(normal E)5.8(nglish woor)13.8(des, w)5.8(e)0( should be able to take any)]TJ T* 0.3503 Tw [(equation and translate it into a grammatically corr)9.7(ect)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (sentence.)Tj 0 -2.1818 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1242 Tw [(O)5.8(nce I figur)9.7(ed out ho)11.9(w to descend r)9.7(ecursiv)5.8(ely thr)5.8(ough a)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0396 Tw (grammar and translate algebraic equations into mechanical)Tj T* 0.2134 Tw [(E)5.8(nglish pr)5.8(ose, I just needed to put in the P)53.9(erl code to)]TJ T* -0.0088 Tw [(constr)-7.9(uct it. E)5.8(nter the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 159.0612 535.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (%item)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 188.7077 535.3574 Tm (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 207.1733 535.3574 Tm ($return)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 247.6172 535.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0088 Tw [(v)5.9(ariables, which)]TJ /F5 1 Tf -16.7834 -1.0909 TD 0 Tw (c2eng)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.3316 0 TD 0.0149 Tw [(uses to amass the E)5.8(nglish output. A)5.8(t)0( the end of ev)5.8(er)-17.9(y)]TJ -2.3316 -1.0909 TD 0.068 Tw [(r)-7.7(ule w)5.8(e)0( can hav)5.8(e what P)41.9(arse::R)11.9(ecD)5.8(escent calls an )59.7(action)69.8(;)]TJ T* 0.2188 Tw [(in most of our r)-7.9(ules, the action is to assign a v)5.8(alue to)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 63 487.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($return)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 100.7908 487.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.212 Tw [(. F)35.8(or instance, her)9.7(e)29.7()79.9(s a r)-7.9(ule inv)5.8(olv)5.8(ed in parsing)]TJ -3.4355 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(mathematical expr)9.7(essions:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 71.3978 455.3574 Tm -0.0602 Tc 0.06 Tw (rel_add_mul_shift_expression : )Tj 2.5714 -1.1429 TD ()Tj -2.5714 -1.1429 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ({)Tj 2.5714 -1.1429 TD -0.0602 Tc 0.06 Tw ($return = join\('',@{$item[1]}\); )Tj -2.5714 -1.1429 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 399.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0022 Tw [(P)42.1(arse::R)11.9(ecD)5.8(escent pr)5.8(o)15.9(vides )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 181.078 399.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (@item)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 210.8456 399.3574 Tm (and )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 229.4322 399.3574 Tm (%item)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 259.1997 399.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0022 Tw [(v)5.9(ariables that)]TJ -17.8363 -1.0909 TD 0.2134 Tw [(let a r)-7.9(ule find out what a subr)-7.9(ule r)9.7(eturned. )44.9(The act of)]TJ T* 0.0048 Tc 0.3701 Tw [(parsing is sufficient for determining which characters)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1121 Tw [(combine into expr)9.7(essions, but the extra meaning of those)]TJ T* 0.1901 Tw [(expr)9.7(essions their E)5.8(nglish r)9.7(epr)9.7(esentation has to be)]TJ T* -0.0138 Tw [(passed up)5.8(war)13.8(d to superr)-7.9(ules thr)5.8(ough v)5.8(ariables like )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 277.2093 339.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw ($return)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 327.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0406 Tw [(that gather the meaning of the curr)9.7(ent r)-7.9(ule and stor)9.7(e it for)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw [(the superr)-7.9(ule.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD -0.0312 Tw [(That)17.7()79.9(s)0( all v)5.8(e)0.1(r)-17.9(y)0( abstract. )14.8(What it means in this case is that the)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 63 279.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (rel_add_mul_shift_expression)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 220.7299 279.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.347 Tw [(r)-7.7(ule, which parses a)]TJ -14.3391 -1.0909 TD 0.0864 Tw [(mathematical expr)9.7(ession like )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 11.5705 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (a)Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 198.8585 267.3574 Tm (+)Tj /F5 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 207.9577 267.3574 Tm (b)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.4658 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0864 Tw (, is able to examine the)Tj -13.6438 -1.0909 TD 0.2667 Tw [(E)5.8(nglish strings associated with )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 13.0158 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (a)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.9605 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (and )Tj /F5 1 Tf 1.9542 0 TD 0 Tc (b)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.9825 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2667 Tw (and join them)Tj -16.9131 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(together)59.7(. I)23.8(t)0( turns this:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 72.2378 223.3574 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw [(prod[2][1] = a[2][1]*b[1][1]+a[2][2]*b[2][1];)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 199.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw (to this: )Tj /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 63 179.3574 Tm -0.1001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Assign to array prod's element at address \(2,1\) the value "array a's)]TJ 0 -1.1429 TD [(element at address \(2,1\) times array b's element at address \(1,1\) plus)]TJ T* [(array a's element at address \(2,2\) times array b's element at address)]TJ T* 0 Tw (\(2,1\)".)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 131.3574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.025 Tw [(I)23.9(t)17.8()79.9(s)0( not poetr)-17.9(y)84.9(.)-0.1( B)11.9(ut it is, at least, pr)5.8(onounceable. )]TJ 12 0 0 12 517.3723 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (F)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 523.4518 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 544.7999 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0.025 Tw [(2000 71)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -40.15 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0.1 k /GS1 gs 342.5 809.5 251 -341 re 162.892 90.354 m f* 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 1 w 10 M []0 d 342.5 809.5 251 -341 re S BT /F8 1 Tf 24 0 0 24 436.8813 662.3976 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tw [(L)69.8(YRIS)]TJ -0.4311 -1.2 TD 0.0255 Tw (1/4 page)Tj 0.1088 -1.2 TD [(P)11.9(i)-0.1(ck U)29.6(p)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0.1 k /GS1 gs 342.5 458.5 251 -341 re 506.858 604.798 m f* 342.5 458.5 251 -341 re S BT 24 0 0 24 448.4712 311.3976 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (ICE)Tj -0.914 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw (1/4 page)Tj 0.1088 -1.2 TD [(P)11.9(i)-0.1(ck U)29.6(p)]TJ ET Q 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 506.858 253.798 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 71)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S endstream endobj 220 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 498 0 R /Resources 221 0 R /Contents 222 0 R /Thumb 463 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 684 873 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 221 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 515 0 R /F2 518 0 R /F3 261 0 R /F5 262 0 R /F8 268 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 523 0 R /GS2 521 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs9 520 0 R >> >> endobj 222 0 obj << /Length 13987 >> stream 1 g /GS1 gs 0 873 m 0 873 l f q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 802.0776 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc -0.0224 Tw [(Ther)9.7(e)29.7()79.9(s much mor)9.7(e to say about the difficulties of parsing C)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.0058 Tw [(with an ey)5.8(e to)11.9(war)13.8(d generating r)9.7(eadable E)5.8(nglish output. F)35.8(o)0.2(r)]TJ T* 0.1091 Tw (instance, the statement )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 166.7573 778.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2618 Tw (bar = baz;)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 229.4054 778.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1091 Tw (can be translated as)Tj -15.1278 -1.0909 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ()Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 67.4419 766.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc -0.0856 Tw [(Assign to 'bar' the value of 'baz'.)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 251.7679 766.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0806 Tw [( That )-44.9(suggests)]TJ -17.1607 -1.0909 TD 0.1236 Tw [(a cer)-7.9(tain way of writing the r)-7.9(ule that handles assignment)]TJ T* 0.0457 Tw [(statements. B)11.9(ut an o)15.8(v)5.9(erly simplistic implementation might)]TJ T* 0.0617 Tw (turn a statement like )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 156.0499 730.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1482 Tw (foo = bar = baz;)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 251.1899 730.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0617 Tw [(into )89.8(Assign to)]TJ -17.1082 -1.0909 TD 0.0995 Tw [()39.8(f)0.1(oo)49.7( the v)5.8(alue of assign to bar)19.7( the v)5.8(alue of baz)39.7(, which)]TJ T* 0.0645 Tw [(doesn)69.8()79.9(t)0( quite r)5.8(oll off the tongue. I)11.9(nstead, )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 16.3499 0 TD 0 Tw (c2eng)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.3812 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0646 Tw [(per)-8(forms a)]TJ -18.7311 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0507 Tw [(slightly mor)9.7(e)0.1( rigor)5.8(ous analysis, yielding the mor)9.7(e palatable)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 63 682.0776 Tm 0.5722 Tw [(Assign to 'foo' the value 'bar' which is)]TJ 0 -1.3333 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw (assigned to be 'baz'.)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 646.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0266 Tw [(I)12(n)0( some situations, w)5.8(e)0( need to kno)11.9(w what comes )]TJ /F5 1 Tf 18.8887 0 TD 0 Tw (after)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8989 0 TD -0.0267 Tw [(a r)-7.9(ule)]TJ -20.7875 -1.0909 TD 0.2698 Tw [(w)5.8(e)29.7()49.8(v)5.9(e parsed. F)35.8(or example, when w)5.8(e)-0.1( use )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 255.5025 634.0776 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (-)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 266.6183 634.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2697 Tw [(as a unar)-17.9(y)]TJ -18.5107 -1.0909 TD 0.0472 Tw (operator \(e.g. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 123.5522 622.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1132 Tw (foo = -bar)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 182.8453 622.0776 Tm 0 Tw (or )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 195.1081 622.0776 Tm 0.1132 Tw (baz = -1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 240.3349 622.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0472 Tw [(\), w)5.8(e)0( say )59.7(minus)39.7()]TJ -16.1214 -1.0909 TD 0.2291 Tw [(if what follo)11.9(ws is a constant, and )59.7(n)0.1(egativ)5.8(e)29.7()0( if it)17.8()79.9(s)0( not.)]TJ T* 0.0199 Tc 0.3788 Tw [(P)42.1(arse::R)11.9(ecD)5.8(escent lets us peek ahead with the )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 298.4445 598.0776 Tm 0 Tw (...)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 63 586.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(constr)-7.9(uct:)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 63 566.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.06 Tw (unary_operator : [ other things] )Tj 2.5714 -1.1429 TD [(| '-' ...constant {$return = 'negative ';})]TJ T* (| '-' {$return = 'minus ';})Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 342 802.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0273 Tw (This translates )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 405.4354 802.0776 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (-1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 418.682 802.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc -0.0273 Tw [(to )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 434.2931 802.0776 Tm -0.0656 Tw (negative one)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 498.4869 802.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0273 Tw ( while )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 530.6464 802.0776 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (-x)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 543.8931 802.0776 Tm -0.0001 Tc -0.0274 Tw (is translated)Tj -18.3539 -1.0909 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0251 Tw [(to )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 358.1869 790.0776 Tm 0.06 Tw (minus x)Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 396.5176 790.0776 Tm 0 Tw (.)Tj /F5 1 Tf -4.9561 -2.1818 TD -0.0001 Tc [(S)11.9(i)0(mple)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.8044 0 TD 0.049 Tw [(mathematical expr)9.7(essions ar)9.7(en)69.8()79.9(t)0( that har)13.8(d to expr)9.7(ess)]TJ -2.8044 -1.0909 TD 0.2139 Tw [(in E)5.8(nglish: w)5.8(e)0( just need to imitate a v)5.8(e)0.1(r)-17.9(y)0( boring math)]TJ T* 0.0148 Tc 0.3601 Tw [(teacher)59.7(. I)11.9(n)0.1( comparison, flo)11.9(w contr)5.8(ol statements and)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.3736 Tw [(function definitions ar)9.7(e easy to v)5.8(erbaliz)5.8(e. I)23.8(t)17.8()79.9(s)0( easy to)]TJ T* 0 Tw (translate )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 381.7097 718.0776 Tm -0.0002 Tc (foo\(bar\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 428.9259 718.0776 Tm 0.1161 Tw [(to )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 446.1146 718.0776 Tm 0.2786 Tw (Perform the function 'foo')Tj -11.5683 -1.3333 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2402 Tw [(as applied to the argument 'bar'.)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 530.9669 706.0776 Tm 0.0853 Tw [( What)17.7()79.9(s)0( )-14.8(har)13.8(d,)]TJ -17.1788 -1.0909 TD 0.025 Tw [(ho)11.9(w)5.9(e)0(v)5.8(e)0.1(r)59.7(,)0( ar)9.7(e par)9.7(entheses.)]TJ 0 -2.1818 TD 0.0199 Tc 0.5699 Tw [(P)42.1(a)0.3(r)9.7(entheses ar)9.7(e critical in mathematics, but they)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0239 Tw [(unfor)-7.9(tunately don)69.8()79.9(t)0( translate v)5.8(e)0.1(r)-17.9(y)-0.1( w)5.8(ell into E)5.8(nglish because)]TJ T* 0.0394 Tw [(of their stackable natur)9.7(e. )14.8(W)77.8(e)0( can handle stacks of concepts)]TJ T* 0.1065 Tw [(when w)5.8(e)0( talk or r)9.7(ead, as long as the stack doesn)69.8()79.9(t)0( get too)]TJ T* 0.0926 Tw [(deep)15.8(. \(And )59.7(too deep)49.8( means mor)9.7(e than about six lev)5.8(els.)]TJ T* 0.1737 Tw [(\(F)35.8(or mor)9.7(e about this, r)9.7(ead D)11.9(ouglas H)17.8(o)0.1(fstadter)19.7()79.9(s Gdel,)]TJ T* 0.2169 Tw [(Escher)59.7(, B)11.9(ach, an E)17.8(ternal G)5.8(olden B)11.9(raid)11.9(. \(B)11.9(asic Books,)]TJ T* 0 Tw (1979.\)\)\))Tj 0 -2.1818 TD 0.1053 Tw [(When a math teacher says something like )59.8(the quantity x)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.1655 Tw [(plus y)84.9(,)0( all o)15.8(v)5.9(er z..., the phrases )59.8(the quantity)39.7( and )59.8(all)11.9()]TJ 9.0775 -1.0909 TD 0.112 Tw (signal to the listener that the stack)Tj T* 0.0199 Tc 0.5356 Tw [(depth is changing. 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The C source file for it was called)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Private/css-auth/css-descramble.c.)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Here, the author says "css_descramble.c Released under the version 2)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(of the GPL. Copyright 1999 Derek Fawcus This file contains functions)]TJ T* [(to descramble CSS encrypted DVD content".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Here, the author says "Still in progress: Remove the use of the)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(bit_reverse[] table by recoding the generation of LFSR1. Finish combining)]TJ T* [(this with the css authentication code.")]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(This program makes use of the system file stdio.h.)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(This program makes use of the system file string.h.)]TJ T* [(This program makes use of the user file css-descramble.h.)]TJ T* [(Note a type definition of unsigned character called 'byte'.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD (Here, the author says "some tables used for descrambling sectors)Tj 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc [(and/or decrypting title keys".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Specifying the type \(this declaration is not to be shared\) byte,)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(allocate the variable 'csstab1', defined to be an array with the size)]TJ T* [(256 and initialized to the set the hexadecimal number 0x33, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x73, the hexadecimal number 0x3b, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x26, the hexadecimal number 0x63, the hexadecimal number 0x23,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6b, the hexadecimal number 0x76, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x3e, the hexadecimal number 0x7e, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x36, the hexadecimal number 0x2b, the hexadecimal number 0x6e,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x2e, the hexadecimal number 0x66, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x7b, the hexadecimal number 0xd3, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x93, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0x06,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x43, the hexadecimal number 0x03, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x4b, the hexadecimal number 0x96, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xde, the hexadecimal number 0x9e, the hexadecimal number 0xd6,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x0b, the hexadecimal number 0x4e, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x0e, the hexadecimal number 0x46, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x9b, the hexadecimal number 0x57, the hexadecimal number 0x17,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x5f, the hexadecimal number 0x82, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xc7, the hexadecimal number 0x87, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xcf, the hexadecimal number 0x12, the hexadecimal number 0x5a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x1a, the hexadecimal number 0x52, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x8f, the hexadecimal number 0xca, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x8a, the hexadecimal number 0xc2, the hexadecimal number 0x1f,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xd9, the hexadecimal number 0x99, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xd1, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x09, the hexadecimal number 0x41,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x90, the hexadecimal number 0xd8, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x98, the hexadecimal number 0xd0, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x01, the hexadecimal number 0x48, the hexadecimal number 0x08,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x40, the hexadecimal number 0x91, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x3d, the hexadecimal number 0x7d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x35, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x6d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x2d, the hexadecimal number 0x65, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x74, the hexadecimal number 0x3c, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x7c, the hexadecimal number 0x34, the hexadecimal number 0x25,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6c, the hexadecimal number 0x2c, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x64, the hexadecimal number 0x75, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdd, the hexadecimal number 0x9d, the hexadecimal number 0xd5,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x04, the hexadecimal number 0x4d, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x0d, the hexadecimal number 0x45, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x94, the hexadecimal number 0xdc, the hexadecimal number 0x9c,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xd4, the hexadecimal number 0x05, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x4c, the hexadecimal number 0x0c, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x44, the hexadecimal number 0x95, the hexadecimal number 0x59,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x19, the hexadecimal number 0x51, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x80, the hexadecimal number 0xc9, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x89, the hexadecimal number 0xc1, the hexadecimal number 0x10,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x58, the hexadecimal number 0x18, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x50, the hexadecimal number 0x81, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xc8, the hexadecimal number 0x88, the hexadecimal number 0xc0,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x11, the hexadecimal number 0xd7, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x97, the hexadecimal number 0xdf, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x02, the hexadecimal number 0x47, the hexadecimal number 0x07,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x4f, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xda, the hexadecimal number 0x9a, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xd2, the hexadecimal number 0x0f, the hexadecimal number 0x4a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x0a, the hexadecimal number 0x42, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x9f, the hexadecimal number 0x53, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x13, the hexadecimal number 0x5b, the hexadecimal number 0x86,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xc3, the hexadecimal number 0x83, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xcb, the hexadecimal number 0x16, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x5e, the hexadecimal number 0x1e, the hexadecimal number 0x56,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x8b, the hexadecimal number 0xce, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x8e, the hexadecimal number 0xc6, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x1b, the hexadecimal number 0xb3, the hexadecimal number 0xf3,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xbb, the hexadecimal number 0xa6, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xe3, the hexadecimal number 0xa3, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xeb, the hexadecimal number 0xf6, the hexadecimal number 0xbe,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xfe, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xab, the hexadecimal number 0xee, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xae, the hexadecimal number 0xe6, the hexadecimal number 0xfb,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x37, the hexadecimal number 0x77, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x3f, the hexadecimal number 0x22, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x67, the hexadecimal number 0x27, the hexadecimal number 0x6f,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x72, the hexadecimal number 0x3a, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x7a, the hexadecimal number 0x32, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x2f, the hexadecimal number 0x6a, the hexadecimal number 0x2a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x62, the hexadecimal number 0x7f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb9, the hexadecimal number 0xf9, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb1, the hexadecimal number 0xa0, the hexadecimal number 0xe9,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xa9, the hexadecimal number 0xe1, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xf0, the hexadecimal number 0xb8, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xf8, the hexadecimal number 0xb0, the hexadecimal number 0xa1,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xe8, the hexadecimal number 0xa8, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xe0, the hexadecimal number 0xf1, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x5d, the hexadecimal number 0x1d, the hexadecimal number 0x55,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x84, the hexadecimal number 0xcd, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x8d, the hexadecimal number 0xc5, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x14, the hexadecimal number 0x5c, the hexadecimal number 0x1c,)]TJ 49.8214 113.7856 TD [(the hexadecimal number 0x54, the hexadecimal number 0x85, the)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(hexadecimal number 0xcc, the hexadecimal number 0x8c, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xc4, the hexadecimal number 0x15, the hexadecimal number 0xbd,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xfd, the hexadecimal number 0xb5, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xa4, the hexadecimal number 0xed, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xad, the hexadecimal number 0xe5, the hexadecimal number 0xf4,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xbc, the hexadecimal number 0xfc, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb4, the hexadecimal number 0xa5, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xec, the hexadecimal number 0xac, the hexadecimal number 0xe4,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xf5, the hexadecimal number 0x39, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x79, the hexadecimal number 0x31, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x20, the hexadecimal number 0x69, the hexadecimal number 0x29,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x61, the hexadecimal number 0x70, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x38, the hexadecimal number 0x78, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x30, the hexadecimal number 0x21, the hexadecimal number 0x68,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x28, the hexadecimal number 0x60, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x71, the hexadecimal number 0xb7, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xf7, the hexadecimal number 0xbf, the hexadecimal number 0xa2,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xe7, the hexadecimal number 0xa7, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xef, the hexadecimal number 0xf2, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xba, the hexadecimal number 0xfa, the hexadecimal number 0xb2,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xaf, the hexadecimal number 0xea, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xaa, the hexadecimal number 0xe2, and the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xff.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Specifying the type \(this declaration is not to be shared\) byte,)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(allocate the variable 'lfsr1_bits0', defined to be an array with the)]TJ T* [(size 256 and initialized to the set the hexadecimal number 0x00, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x01, the hexadecimal number 0x02, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x03, the hexadecimal number 0x04, the hexadecimal number 0x05,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x06, the hexadecimal number 0x07, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x09, the hexadecimal number 0x08, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x0b, the hexadecimal number 0x0a, the hexadecimal number 0x0d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x0c, the hexadecimal number 0x0f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x0e, the hexadecimal number 0x12, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x13, the hexadecimal number 0x10, the hexadecimal number 0x11,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x16, the hexadecimal number 0x17, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x14, the hexadecimal number 0x15, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x1b, the hexadecimal number 0x1a, the hexadecimal number 0x19,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x18, the hexadecimal number 0x1f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x1e, the hexadecimal number 0x1d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x1c, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x25,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x26, the hexadecimal number 0x27, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x20, the hexadecimal number 0x21, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x22, the hexadecimal number 0x23, the hexadecimal number 0x2d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x2c, the hexadecimal number 0x2f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x2e, the hexadecimal number 0x29, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x28, the hexadecimal number 0x2b, the hexadecimal number 0x2a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x36, the hexadecimal number 0x37, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x34, the hexadecimal number 0x35, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x32, the hexadecimal number 0x33, the hexadecimal number 0x30,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x31, the hexadecimal number 0x3f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x3e, the hexadecimal number 0x3d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x3c, the hexadecimal number 0x3b, the hexadecimal number 0x3a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x39, the hexadecimal number 0x38, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x48, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x4b, the hexadecimal number 0x4a, the hexadecimal number 0x4d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x4c, the hexadecimal number 0x4f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x4e, the hexadecimal number 0x40, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x41, the hexadecimal number 0x42, the hexadecimal number 0x43,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x44, the hexadecimal number 0x45, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x46, the hexadecimal number 0x47, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x5b, the hexadecimal number 0x5a, the hexadecimal number 0x59,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x58, the hexadecimal number 0x5f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x5e, the hexadecimal number 0x5d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x5c, the hexadecimal number 0x52, the hexadecimal number 0x53,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x50, the hexadecimal number 0x51, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x56, the hexadecimal number 0x57, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x54, the hexadecimal number 0x55, the hexadecimal number 0x6d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6c, the hexadecimal number 0x6f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x6e, the hexadecimal number 0x69, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x68, the hexadecimal number 0x6b, the hexadecimal number 0x6a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x64, the hexadecimal number 0x65, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x66, the hexadecimal number 0x67, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x60, the hexadecimal number 0x61, the hexadecimal number 0x62,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x63, the hexadecimal number 0x7f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x7e, the hexadecimal number 0x7d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x7c, the hexadecimal number 0x7b, the hexadecimal number 0x7a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x79, the hexadecimal number 0x78, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x76, the hexadecimal number 0x77, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x74, the hexadecimal number 0x75, the hexadecimal number 0x72,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x73, the hexadecimal number 0x70, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x71, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x93, the hexadecimal number 0x90, the hexadecimal number 0x91,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x96, the hexadecimal number 0x97, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x94, the hexadecimal number 0x95, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x9b, the hexadecimal number 0x9a, the hexadecimal number 0x99,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x98, the hexadecimal number 0x9f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x9e, the hexadecimal number 0x9d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x9c, the hexadecimal number 0x80, the hexadecimal number 0x81,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x82, the hexadecimal number 0x83, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x84, the hexadecimal number 0x85, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x86, the hexadecimal number 0x87, the hexadecimal number 0x89,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x88, the hexadecimal number 0x8b, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x8a, the hexadecimal number 0x8d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x8c, the hexadecimal number 0x8f, the hexadecimal number 0x8e,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xb7, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb4, the hexadecimal number 0xb5, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb2, the hexadecimal number 0xb3, the hexadecimal number 0xb0,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb1, the hexadecimal number 0xbf, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xbe, the hexadecimal number 0xbd, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xbc, the hexadecimal number 0xbb, the hexadecimal number 0xba,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb9, the hexadecimal number 0xb8, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xa4, the hexadecimal number 0xa5, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xa6, the hexadecimal number 0xa7, the hexadecimal number 0xa0,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xa1, the hexadecimal number 0xa2, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xa3, the hexadecimal number 0xad, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xac, the hexadecimal number 0xaf, the hexadecimal number 0xae,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xa9, the hexadecimal number 0xa8, the)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 63 798 531 -21.17 re 549.596 124.027 m f* BT /F8 1 Tf 16 0 0 16 63 786.4766 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (D)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 75.543 786.4766 Tm (E)Tj 16 0 0 16 83.6142 786.4766 Tm -0.0002 Tc (CSS )Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 115.3267 786.4766 Tm -0.0004 Tc (IN)Tj 16 0 0 16 135.5915 786.4766 Tm 0 Tc (E)Tj 13.92 0 0 13.92 144.8689 786.4766 Tm -0.0002 Tc (NGLISH)Tj ET /Cs10 CS 1 SCN 0 J 0 j 6 w 10 M []0 d 63 807 m 207 807 l S Q 0 0 0 0 k 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 197.093 786.477 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 74)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 51.312 334.5 48 c 12 454.5 m 18 454.5 l 18 451.188 15.312 448.5 12 448.5 c 8.688 448.5 6 451.188 6 454.5 c 6 457.812 8.688 460.5 12 460.5 c 15.312 460.5 18 457.812 18 454.5 c 645 454.5 m 651 454.5 l 651 451.188 648.312 448.5 645 448.5 c 641.688 448.5 639 451.188 639 454.5 c 639 457.812 641.688 460.5 645 460.5 c 648.312 460.5 651 457.812 651 454.5 c S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 322.5 861 c 322.5 864.312 325.188 867 328.5 867 c 331.812 867 334.5 864.312 334.5 861 c 328.5 48 m 334.5 48 l 334.5 44.688 331.812 42 328.5 42 c 325.188 42 322.5 44.688 322.5 48 c 322.5 51.312 325.188 54 328.5 54 c 331.812 54 334.5 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[(hexadecimal number 0xab, the hexadecimal number 0xaa, the hexadecimal)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xda, the hexadecimal number 0xd9,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xd8, the hexadecimal number 0xdf, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xde, the hexadecimal number 0xdd, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdc, the hexadecimal number 0xd2, the hexadecimal number 0xd3,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xd0, the hexadecimal number 0xd1, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xd6, the hexadecimal number 0xd7, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xd4, the hexadecimal number 0xd5, the hexadecimal number 0xc9,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xc8, the hexadecimal number 0xcb, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xca, the hexadecimal number 0xcd, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xcc, the hexadecimal number 0xcf, the hexadecimal number 0xce,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xc0, the hexadecimal number 0xc1, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xc2, the hexadecimal number 0xc3, the 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hexadecimal number 0x6d, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 517.3723 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (F)Tj 10.44 0 0 10.44 523.4518 90.3543 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALL)Tj 12 0 0 12 544.7999 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0.025 Tw [(2000 75)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -40.15 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0255 Tw [(The P)47.6(erl J)35.7(our)-8(nal #19)]TJ ET Q 0 0 0 0 k /GS2 gs 1 i 37 874 191 -12 re 162.892 90.354 m f* BT /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 39 864 Tm /Cs9 cs 1 scn -0.0004 Tc -0.0019 Tw (TPJ#19/9.26 9/27/00 10:35 AM Page 75)Tj ET 1 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S /Cs9 CS 1 SCN 0.25 w 36 873 m 36 849 l 0 837 m 24 837 l 621 873 m 621 849 l 657 837 m 633 837 l 36 36 m 36 60 l 0 72 m 24 72 l 621 36 m 621 60 l 657 72 m 633 72 l S 1 G 0.5 w 304.5 861 m 352.5 861 l 304.5 48 m 352.5 48 l 12 478.5 m 12 430.5 l 645 478.5 m 645 430.5 l 328.5 873 m 328.5 849 l 328.5 60 m 328.5 36 l 0 454.5 m 24 454.5 l 633 454.5 m 657 454.5 l 328.5 861 m 334.5 861 l 334.5 857.688 331.812 855 328.5 855 c 325.188 855 322.5 857.688 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m f* 340 812 254 -695 re f* BT /F2 1 Tf 5.6 0 0 5.6 63 806.2266 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal number 0xff,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x00, the hexadecimal number 0x24, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0xdb,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xff, the hexadecimal number 0x00, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x6d, the hexadecimal number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0xb6,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xdb, and the hexadecimal number 0xff.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Here, the author says "Reverse the order of the bits within a byte.")]TJ T* [(Specifying the type \(this declaration is not to be shared\) byte,)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD (allocate the variable 'bit_reverse', defined to be an array with the)Tj T* [(size 256 and initialized to the set the hexadecimal number 0x00, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x80, the hexadecimal number 0x40, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xc0, the hexadecimal number 0x20, the hexadecimal number 0xa0,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x60, the hexadecimal number 0xe0, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x10, the hexadecimal number 0x90, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x50, the hexadecimal number 0xd0, the hexadecimal number 0x30,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb0, the hexadecimal number 0x70, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xf0, the hexadecimal number 0x08, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x88, the hexadecimal number 0x48, the hexadecimal number 0xc8,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x28, the hexadecimal number 0xa8, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x68, the hexadecimal number 0xe8, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x18, the hexadecimal number 0x98, the hexadecimal number 0x58,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xd8, the hexadecimal number 0x38, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb8, the hexadecimal number 0x78, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xf8, the hexadecimal number 0x04, the hexadecimal number 0x84,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x44, the hexadecimal number 0xc4, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x24, the hexadecimal number 0xa4, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x64, the hexadecimal number 0xe4, the hexadecimal number 0x14,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x94, the hexadecimal number 0x54, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xd4, the hexadecimal number 0x34, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb4, the hexadecimal number 0x74, the hexadecimal number 0xf4,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x0c, the hexadecimal number 0x8c, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x4c, the hexadecimal number 0xcc, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x2c, the hexadecimal number 0xac, the hexadecimal number 0x6c,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xec, the hexadecimal number 0x1c, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x9c, the hexadecimal number 0x5c, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xdc, the hexadecimal number 0x3c, the hexadecimal number 0xbc,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x7c, the hexadecimal number 0xfc, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x02, the hexadecimal number 0x82, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x42, the hexadecimal number 0xc2, the hexadecimal number 0x22,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xa2, the hexadecimal number 0x62, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xe2, the hexadecimal number 0x12, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x92, the hexadecimal number 0x52, the hexadecimal number 0xd2,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x32, the hexadecimal number 0xb2, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x72, the hexadecimal number 0xf2, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x0a, the hexadecimal number 0x8a, the hexadecimal number 0x4a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xca, the hexadecimal number 0x2a, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xaa, the hexadecimal number 0x6a, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xea, the hexadecimal number 0x1a, the hexadecimal number 0x9a,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x5a, the hexadecimal number 0xda, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x3a, the hexadecimal number 0xba, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x7a, the hexadecimal number 0xfa, the hexadecimal number 0x06,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x86, the hexadecimal number 0x46, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xc6, the hexadecimal number 0x26, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xa6, the hexadecimal number 0x66, the hexadecimal number 0xe6,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x16, the hexadecimal number 0x96, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x56, the hexadecimal number 0xd6, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x36, the hexadecimal number 0xb6, the hexadecimal number 0x76,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xf6, the hexadecimal number 0x0e, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x8e, the hexadecimal number 0x4e, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xce, the hexadecimal number 0x2e, the hexadecimal number 0xae,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x6e, the hexadecimal number 0xee, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x1e, the hexadecimal number 0x9e, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x5e, the hexadecimal number 0xde, the hexadecimal number 0x3e,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xbe, the hexadecimal number 0x7e, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xfe, the hexadecimal number 0x01, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x81, the hexadecimal number 0x41, the hexadecimal number 0xc1,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x21, the hexadecimal number 0xa1, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x61, the hexadecimal number 0xe1, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x11, the hexadecimal number 0x91, the hexadecimal number 0x51,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xd1, the hexadecimal number 0x31, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xb1, the hexadecimal number 0x71, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xf1, the hexadecimal number 0x09, the hexadecimal number 0x89,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x49, the hexadecimal number 0xc9, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x29, the hexadecimal number 0xa9, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x69, the hexadecimal number 0xe9, the hexadecimal number 0x19,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x99, the hexadecimal number 0x59, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xd9, the hexadecimal number 0x39, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xb9, the hexadecimal number 0x79, the hexadecimal number 0xf9,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x05, the hexadecimal number 0x85, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x45, the hexadecimal number 0xc5, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x25, the hexadecimal number 0xa5, the hexadecimal number 0x65,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xe5, the hexadecimal number 0x15, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x95, the hexadecimal number 0x55, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xd5, the hexadecimal number 0x35, the hexadecimal number 0xb5,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x75, the hexadecimal number 0xf5, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x0d, the hexadecimal number 0x8d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x4d, the hexadecimal number 0xcd, the hexadecimal number 0x2d,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xad, the hexadecimal number 0x6d, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xed, the hexadecimal number 0x1d, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x9d, the hexadecimal number 0x5d, the hexadecimal number 0xdd,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x3d, the hexadecimal number 0xbd, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x7d, the hexadecimal number 0xfd, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x03, the hexadecimal number 0x83, the hexadecimal number 0x43,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xc3, the hexadecimal number 0x23, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xa3, the hexadecimal number 0x63, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xe3, the hexadecimal number 0x13, the hexadecimal number 0x93,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x53, the hexadecimal number 0xd3, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x33, the hexadecimal number 0xb3, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x73, the hexadecimal number 0xf3, the hexadecimal number 0x0b,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x8b, the hexadecimal number 0x4b, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xcb, the hexadecimal number 0x2b, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xab, the hexadecimal number 0x6b, the hexadecimal number 0xeb,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x1b, the hexadecimal number 0x9b, the)]TJ 49.8214 122.2142 TD [(hexadecimal number 0x5b, the hexadecimal number 0xdb, the hexadecimal)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(number 0x3b, the hexadecimal number 0xbb, the hexadecimal number 0x7b,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xfb, the hexadecimal number 0x07, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x87, the hexadecimal number 0x47, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0xc7, the hexadecimal number 0x27, the hexadecimal number 0xa7,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x67, the hexadecimal number 0xe7, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x17, the hexadecimal number 0x97, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x57, the hexadecimal number 0xd7, the hexadecimal number 0x37,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xb7, the hexadecimal number 0x77, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xf7, the hexadecimal number 0x0f, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x8f, the hexadecimal number 0x4f, the hexadecimal number 0xcf,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0x2f, the hexadecimal number 0xaf, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0x6f, the hexadecimal number 0xef, the hexadecimal)]TJ T* [(number 0x1f, the hexadecimal number 0x9f, the hexadecimal number 0x5f,)]TJ T* [(the hexadecimal number 0xdf, the hexadecimal number 0x3f, the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xbf, the hexadecimal number 0x7f, and the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xff.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Here, the author says "this function is only used internally when)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(decrypting title key". )]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(This is the definition of the function 'css_titlekey'. It returns a)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(value of the type \(this declaration is not to be shared\) void. 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the value "the 2-level parenthetical expression array)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(im's element at address \(4\) shifted left by 17 now bitwise orred by)]TJ T* [(the 1-level parenthetical expression array im's element at address \(3\))]TJ T* [(shifted left by 9 now bitwise orred by the 1-level parenthetical)]TJ T* [(expression array im's element at address \(2\) shifted left by 1 now now)]TJ T* [(plus 8 minus the 1-level parenthetical expression array im's element)]TJ T* (at address \(2\) bitwise anded by 7".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to lfsr0 the value "the 1-level parenthetical expression array)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(bit_reverse's element at address \(lfsr0 bitwise anded by the)]TJ T* [(hexadecimal number 0xff\) shifted left by 24 now bitwise orred by the)]TJ T* [(1-level parenthetical expression array bit_reverse's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(the 1-level parenthetical expression lfsr0 shifted right by 8)]TJ T* [(now bitwise anded by the hexadecimal number 0xff\) shifted left by 16)]TJ T* [(now bitwise orred by the 1-level parenthetical expression array)]TJ T* [(bit_reverse's element at address \(the 1-level parenthetical expression)]TJ T* [(lfsr0 shifted right by 16 now bitwise anded by the hexadecimal number)]TJ T* [(0xff\) shifted left by 8 now bitwise orred by array bit_reverse's)]TJ T* [(element at address \(the 1-level parenthetical expression lfsr0 shifted)]TJ T* [(right by 24 now bitwise anded by the hexadecimal number 0xff\)".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to combined the value "0".)]TJ T* [(Here we set up for an iteration loop.)]TJ T* [(We initialize by performing this instruction: Assign to i the value "0".)]TJ T* [(We continue the loop as long as the following expression comes out)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(positive: 'i checked to be less than 5')]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(At the end of each repetition we increment i.)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(And now some statements.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to o_lfsr1 the value "array lfsr1_bits0's element at address)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(\(lfsr1_hi\) bitwise xorred by array lfsr1_bits1's element at address)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (\(lfsr1_lo\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Assign to lfsr1_hi the value "lfsr1_lo shifted right by 1".)]TJ T* [(Assign to lfsr1_lo the value "the 2-level parenthetical expression)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(lfsr1_lo bitwise anded by 1 now shifted left by 8 now bitwise xorred)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc (by o_lfsr1".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to o_lfsr1 the value "array bit_reverse's element at address)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (\(o_lfsr1\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Here, the author says ""o_lfsr0 =)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD 0 Tw (\(lfsr0>7\)^\(lfsr0>10\)^\(lfsr0>11\)^\(lfsr0>19\);")Tj 0 -2.1071 TD 0.0599 Tw [(Assign to o_lfsr0 the value "the 7-level parenthetical expression)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(lfsr0 shifted right by 8 now bitwise xorred by lfsr0 now shifted right)]TJ T* [(by 1 now bitwise xorred by lfsr0 now shifted right by 3 now bitwise)]TJ T* [(xorred by lfsr0 now shifted right by 7".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to lfsr0 the value "the 1-level parenthetical expression lfsr0)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(shifted right by 8 now bitwise orred by the 1-level parenthetical)]TJ T* [(expression o_lfsr0 shifted left by 24".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Increase combined by "the 1-level parenthetical expression o_lfsr0)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(bitwise xorred by invert now plus o_lfsr1".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to array k's element at address \(i\) the value "combined bitwise)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(anded by the hexadecimal number 0xff".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Bit shift combined right by "8".)]TJ T* [(A compound block of instructions for a for loop ends here.)]TJ T* [(Assign to array key's element at address \(4\) the value "array k's)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(element at address \(4\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(array key's element at address \(4\)\) bitwise xorred by array)]TJ T* [(key's element at address \(3\)".)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 63 90.3543 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw [(76)-1100(F)]TJ 10.44 0 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re f* BT /F2 1 Tf 5.6 0 0 5.6 63 806.3266 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Assign to array key's element at address \(3\) the value "array k's)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(element at address \(3\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(array key's element at address \(3\)\) bitwise xorred by array)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc (key's element at address \(2\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to array key's element at address \(2\) the value "array k's element)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(at address \(2\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at address)]TJ T* [(\(array key's element at address \(2\)\) bitwise xorred by array key's)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(element at address \(1\)".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to array key's element at address \(1\) the value "array k's)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(element at address \(1\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(array key's element at address \(1\)\) bitwise xorred by key".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to key the value "k bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(at address \(key\) bitwise xorred by array key's element at address)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (\(4\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Assign to array key's element at address \(4\) the value "array k's)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(element at address \(4\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(array key's element at address \(4\)\) bitwise xorred by array)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc (key's element at address \(3\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to array key's element at address \(3\) the value "array k's)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(element at address \(3\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(array key's element at address \(3\)\) bitwise xorred by array)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc (key's element at address \(2\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to array key's element at address \(2\) the value "array k's)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(element at address \(2\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(array key's element at address \(2\)\) bitwise xorred by array)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc (key's element at address \(1\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to array key's element at address \(1\) the value "array k's)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(element at address \(1\) bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element at)]TJ T* [(address \(array key's element at address \(1\)\) bitwise xorred by key".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to key the value "k bitwise xorred by array csstab1's element)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc [(at address \(key\)".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(And here ends the definition of the function 'css_titlekey'.)]TJ T* (Here, the author says "this function decrypts a title key with the)Tj 0 -1.0536 TD (specified disk key tkey: the unobfuscated title key \(XORed with)Tj T* [(BusKey\) dkey: the unobfuscated disk key \(XORed with BusKey\) 2048 bytes)]TJ T* [(in length \(though only 5 bytes are needed, see below\) pkey: array of)]TJ T* [(pointers to player keys and disk key offsets use the result returned)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(in tkey with css_descramble".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(This is the definition of the function 'css_decrypttitlekey'. It)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc [(returns a value of the type integer.)]TJ 0 -2.1072 TD -0.0001 Tc [(The function 'css_decrypttitlekey' has the following parameters: byte)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(pointer 'tkey', byte pointer 'dkey', the structure playkey)]TJ T* [(second-level pointer 'pkey', and the structure playkey second-level)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc (pointer 'pkey'.)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(The local variables for the function 'css_decrypttitlekey' begin here:)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(Specifying the type byte, allocate the variables 'test', defined to be)]TJ T* [(an array with the size 5 and 'pretkey', defined to be an array with)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(the size 5.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Specifying the type integer, allocate the variable 'i'.)]TJ T* [(And now comes the instruction set for the function 'css_decrypttitlekey'.)]TJ T* [(Here we set up for an iteration loop.)]TJ T* [(We continue the loop as long as the following expression comes out)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(positive: 'the memory contents of pkey')]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(At the end of each repetition we increment pkey and increment i.)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc [(And now some statements.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc (Perform the function memcpy as applied to the arguments 'pretkey',)Tj 0 -1.0536 TD [('dkey plus structure pointer member ', and '5'.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Perform the function css_titlekey as applied to the arguments)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD ('pretkey', 'structure pointer member ', and '0'.)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD [(Perform the function memcpy as applied to the arguments 'test',)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc ('dkey', and '5'.)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Perform the function css_titlekey as applied to the arguments 'test',)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc ('pretkey', and '0'.)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Execute the following part if the expression "the function memcmp as)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(applied to the arguments 'test', 'pretkey', and '5' checked for)]TJ T* [(equality against 0" evaluates as positive:)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0002 Tc [(And now some statements.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(Perform the function fprintf as applied to the arguments 'stderr',)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc [('"Using Key %d\\n"', and 'i plus 1'.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Here we break from the current loop.\\nA compound block of instructions)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc (for an if ends here.)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(A compound block of instructions for a for loop ends here.)]TJ T* [(Execute the following part if the expression "the logical negation of)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(the memory contents of pkey" evaluates as positive:)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0002 Tc [(And now some statements.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(Perform the function fprintf as applied to the arguments 'stderr',)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [('"Shit - Need Key %d\\n"', and i plus 1'.)]TJ 0 -2.1072 TD -0.0002 Tc [(Here we end the current subroutine.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(A compound block of instructions for an if ends here.)]TJ T* [(Perform the function css_titlekey as applied to the arguments 'tkey',)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [('pretkey', and 'the hexadecimal number 0xff'.)]TJ 49.8214 120.0891 TD [(Here we end the current subroutine.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(We return the following value: "1".)]TJ T* [(And here ends the definition of the function 'css_decrypttitlekey'.)]TJ T* [(Here, the author says "this function does the actual descrambling sec:)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(encrypted sector \(2048 bytes\) key: decrypted title key obtained from)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (css_decrypttitlekey".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD 0.06 Tw [(Now back to the code.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(This is the definition of the function 'css_descramble'.)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(It returns a value of the type void.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(The function 'css_descramble' has the following parameters:)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(byte pointer 'sec', byte pointer 'key', and byte pointer 'key'.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(The local variables for the function 'css_descramble' begin here:)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(Specifying the type unsigned integer, allocate the variables)]TJ T* [('lfsr1_lo', 'lfsr1_hi', 'lfsr0', and 'combined'.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Specifying the type unsigned character, allocate the variables)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc [('o_lfsr0' and 'o_lfsr1'.)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Specifying the type unsigned character, allocate the variable pointer)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [('end' \(initialized to sec plus the hexadecimal number 0x800\).)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(And now comes the instruction set for the function 'css_descramble'.)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(Note: we define the macro SALTED with the symbol i to use the token)]TJ T* [(sequence "\(key[i] ^ sec[0x54 + \(i\)]\)".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to lfsr1_lo the value "the function SALTED as applied to the)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(argument '0' bitwise orred by the hexadecimal number 0x100".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to lfsr1_hi the value "the function SALTED as applied to the)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc (argument '1'".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to lfsr0 the value "the 2-level parenthetical expression the)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(function 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orred by the 1-level parenthetical expression array)]TJ T* [(bit_reverse's element at address \(the 1-level parenthetical expression)]TJ T* [(lfsr0 shifted right by 16 now bitwise anded by the hexadecimal number)]TJ T* [(0xff\) shifted left by 8 now bitwise orred by array bit_reverse's)]TJ T* [(element at address \(the 1-level parenthetical expression lfsr0 shifted)]TJ T* [(right by 24 now bitwise anded by the hexadecimal number 0xff\)".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Increase sec by "the hexadecimal number 0x80".)]TJ T* [(Assign to combined the value "0".)]TJ T* [(Here we go into a repetition loop which we stay in as long as the)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(following expression evaluates as positive: 'sec checked for)]TJ T* (inequality against end')Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0002 Tc [(And now some statements.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to o_lfsr1 the value "array lfsr1_bits0's element at address)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(\(lfsr1_hi\) bitwise xorred by array lfsr1_bits1's element at address)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (\(lfsr1_lo\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Assign to lfsr1_hi the value "lfsr1_lo shifted right by 1".)]TJ T* [(Assign to lfsr1_lo the value "the 2-level parenthetical expression)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(lfsr1_lo bitwise anded by 1 now shifted left by 8 now bitwise xorred)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc (by o_lfsr1".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Assign to o_lfsr1 the value "array bit_reverse's element at address)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (\(o_lfsr1\)".)Tj 0 -2.1071 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0599 Tw [(Here, the author says "o_lfsr0 =)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD 0 Tw (\(lfsr0>7\)^\(lfsr0>10\)^\(lfsr0>11\)^\(lfsr0>19\);")Tj 0 -2.1071 TD 0.0599 Tw [(Assign to o_lfsr0 the value "the 7-level parenthetical expression)]TJ 0 -1.0536 TD [(lfsr0 shifted right by 8 now bitwise xorred by lfsr0 now shifted right)]TJ T* [(by 1 now bitwise xorred by lfsr0 now shifted right by 3 now bitwise)]TJ T* [(xorred by lfsr0 now shifted right by 7".)]TJ 0 -2.1071 TD [(Assign to lfsr0 the value "the 1-level parenthetical expression 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M)23.9(ost of the)]TJ T* -0.0112 Tw [(obfuscation is in the math, but the r)9.7(esult is a cool)]TJ T* 0.025 Tw (graphics hack.)Tj ET /Cs10 CS 1 SCN 0 J 0 j 2 w 10 M []0 d 63 810 m 594 810 l S 0 0 0 0 k /GS1 gs 412.81 365.62 180.72 -252.62 re 123.591 522.566 m f* Q q 1 i 412.81 365.62 180.72 -252.62 re W* n q 180.9404 0 0 252.3206 412.81 113.2994 cm /Im13 Do Q Q q 1 i 27 846 603 -783 re 0 873 m W n 0 873 684 -873 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 11 0 0 11 412.1364 439.6803 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.27 Tw [(I)12(n)0( first place: N)29.8(emo, a r)9.7(edneck cracker)]TJ 0 -1.0909 TD 0.081 Tw [(fr)5.8(om G)5.8(eorgia \(with contestants like these,)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc -0.0027 Tw [(w)5.8(e)-0.1( don)69.7()79.8(t)-0.1( need to make stuff up\), and his or)]TJ T* 0.0096 Tc 0.3653 Tw (her elegant sliding puzzle CGI script.)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(Clev)5.8(er!)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 63 148.2832 Tm ($0=s#.*[/\\\\]##g;push@ARGV,"-hTe_-JPerourl";$_=shift;@4=@1=@3=@2=@[=split\(//\);/)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (_/g;$;=pos;$$=sub{eval"\(\\$$\\\\[$;\\],\\$$\\\\[$\\"+$;\\]\)=\(\\$$\\\\[$\\"+$;\\],\\$$\\\\[$;\\]\);\\)Tj T* 0.0599 Tw (">$1}g;s@^\(.\)$@$1@g;s]>_]> ]g}for\(0..3\){@[[$_<<2]="".@[[$_<<2]};$$=l)Tj T* (ocaltime;print "Content-Type: text/html\\n\\n",@[,"nal
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