Middle English Dictionary Entry
spīce n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | spīce n.(1) Also spic, spis(e, spisce, spece; pl. spices, etc. & spieces. |
Etymology | From OF espece, espi(e)ce, espis(c)e, AF spece spice (from L speciēs). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Spice or sugar added to food or drink to enhance the flavor; also fig.; cake of (with) spices, a spiced cake; cheuen (taken) ~, to chew a spice as a breath freshener; (b) a spiced dish or cake, sweetmeat, delicacy, etc.; also fig.; (c) a spice-bearing plant; -- also coll. [last quot.]; (d) an aromatic spice; coll. aromatic spices or ointments; (e) pl. & coll. spices as commodities or means of bribery or presents; spices ware, spicery; (f) as an epithet for Christ, the Virgin Mary, or a beloved person.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)43/25 : Hope is a swete spice inwið þe heorte þet sweteð al þet bitter þet te bodi drinkeð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)43/26 : Ah hwa se cheoweð spice [Tit: spece], ha schal tunen hire muð þet te swote breað & te strengðe þrof leaue wið innen.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)168 : Þu ert swetture þat [read: þan] eny spis.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.27 : Ȝwere ben þine cokes snelle, Þat scholden gon greiþe þi mete With speces swete for to smelle?
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)52.43/6 : Nim luce oþur turbet..boill am & soþþe tempre wiþ milke of alemauns..& do wiþinnen speces, saffron, & sucre.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)462 : Quant averas mange de kakenole [glossed:] a cake of spices [vrr. a spiced kake, a kake wyth spices].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5898 : Progne..This child..slou, and hieu him al to pieces; And after with diverse spieces The fleissh, whan it was so toheewe, Sche takth and makth therof a sewe.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.153 : Hast þou..any hote spices?
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.7719 : Þe riche lond..hath..habundaunce Of spicis, gommys, frutis, corn, & wyn.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1371 : Ther was..Gyngevre, and greyn de parys, Canell, and setewale of prys, And many a spice [F espice] delitable To eten whan men rise fro table.
- ?c1425(c1380) Chaucer Form.A.(Benson-Robinson)15 : No man yit in the morter spyces grond To clarre, ne to sause of galantyne.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Virtue (Hrl 2255)2 : Of wyn and spices is maad good ypocras.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)87/25 : In the cete of Polyne is a welle..the watir therof is as swete and as sauory as dyuerse maneres of spices were therin.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)141/30 : Aftre mete they ete and dranke and toke spices.
- (1461) Let.Bk.Lond.L (Gldh LetBk L)5 : The Maire..oweth of right and duetee to serve the King..after mete in such place as it shal please his highnesse to take his spices of Wyne in a cup of gold.
- (1467) Paston2.567 : Nicholas Newman, chief of his chambre, than gaf hym spyces and wyn to drynk.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)81 : Office of Confectionarye hathe in hym a sergeaunt to serve the Kinge; He resceyvyth of the office of greate spycery..all manner of spyces to make confections.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)62/28 : Meene metes engendren none inflammacion..as lambe..yf any such flessh be rosted, ete it hote and sone, and specially whan any spices is rosted with them.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4324 : Þann were spacli spices spended al a-boute.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.291,294 : The styward bit spices for to hye And eek the wyn in al this melodye..The spices and the wyn is come anon; They ete and drynke.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)979 : Þay asken Spycez, þat vn-sparely men speded hom to bryng.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.852 : Criseyde..Welcomed hym, and down hym by hire sette..And after this, withouten longe lette, The spices and the wyn men forth hem fette.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)37/12 : Efter þat he hase etyne..he etis spyce & drynkes þe wyne.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)20/17 : They..quenchyn her hungyr wt spycis & confeccionys.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)61/15 : Aftre soper they hade carralles, daunces, and songys to mydnyght, And aftre they dranke and ete spyces.
- a1475(?1445) ?Lydg.Cal.(Rwl B.408)266-7 : Help us, Seynt Mathew..With þe virgyn Tecle to make a spyce; That heuenly spyce, hit is ful swete.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)174b/a : Babilonia..is þe beste londe to bere alle manere of corne and fruyte & wyne, and it is fulle of swete spices, herbes, and treen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1028 : Paradis..es a yard cald o delites Wit all maner o suet spices [Göt: spicijss].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5642 : Þere ne groweþ no whete Ne oþer corne bot spyces swete.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)35 : Of goud vche goude is ay bygonne; So semly a sede moȝt fayly not, Þat sprygande spycez vp ne sponne Of þat precios perle wythouten spotte.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1367 : Ther was eke wexyng many a spice, As clowe gelofre and lycorice.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5427 : All ouire couerd was þe coue claggid with spices.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2850 : Of corne and ris grete plente There is growinge in þat cuntre, Spicis and wyne and alle goode That longeth vnto mannys foode.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3458 : Al the soyl..Ys clad of newe; medwe & pleyn And hilles hih, ek spyce & greyn, I make to enspyre soote.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)468 : A swote smel..wide a-boute gan sprede, Þat him þouȝte þei al þe world swote spices were.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1686 : Iosep of Aramathye..nome Myrre and encens and monye oþer spices goede, And..to his swete fflesch hit bounde.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.620 : A swete braþe com fram his bodi..Þat in þis world spices alle No miȝt cast a swetter smalle.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Esth.2.12 : Onely þat sixe moneþis þey shulden ben enoyntid with myrtyne oile & oþere sixe þei shulden vsen maner pymentis & swote spise [WB(2): swete-smellynge oynementis; L aromatibus].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21300 : Þe foerth [gospel] sauurs als aromat, Of all þe spices þat man wate.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5704 : Þe flavour more holsom was & soote Þan þe odour of spice, gomme, or rote.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)171/4 : Sho wolde make hur bed so redolent savurand with spice þat it was a mervayle to tell off.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)68.4 (v.2:p.16) : 'Ambra' .. is a spice redolent, Right delectable and right precious.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)107/114 : If a man wolde make a vessell wele relesed and tasted, hym behoueth to putte þerein sum swete smelling spices þat shuld make such odur and savoure.
e
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)115 : Of stor & of spices þei ladden grete male Into Egipte lond to sullen hit to sale.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1952 : Fro galaad men wið chafare Sag he ðor kumen wid spices ware.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.39.2 : Ezechie..shewide to hem þe selle of spicis & of siluer & of gold.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2103 : Þar in es..Precius stans and spice [Frf: spices] of prise, For þar-in standes paradis.
- a1400 Preste ne monke (Cleo B.2)55 : Somme frers beren pelure aboute, For grete ladys & wenches..also many a dyuers spyse In bagges about þai bere.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6518 : Þer wer þre hundryd mules and moo, Þat pennyys and spyses boren þoo.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)691 : Mvm..spendith no speche but spices hit make.
f
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)21 : Heil spice sprong þat neuer was spent, Heil, trone of þe Trinite.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)235 : Ho profered me speche, þat special spyce.
- a1425 Ecce ancilla (CmbAdd 5943)5 : Hayle be thu, virgine..thu shalt conceyue a swete spyce.
- c1450 Heil be þou marie þe (Lamb 853)29 : Heil, spice swettist of sauour!
2.
(a) A spice used as a medication or as a medicinal or an alchemical ingredient; also fig.; coll. medicinal spices [quot. ?a1425]; (b) a medicine, remedy; a concoction or potion; also fig.; (c) ?a mineral substance.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)188/13 : Of þe þreo hali men..þe an wes iwunet for his calde mahe to nutten hate speces.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1808 : Ianuarie..drynketh ypocras, clarree, and vernage Of spices hoote tencressen his corage, And many a letuarie hadde he ful fyn.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)135/23 : Þe soule..pouneþ in a morter of hure conscience monye and diuerse bitter spices of hure synnes.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)119b/a : Þe pacient schal vse good spice as peper, Safroun, canelle, galingale, & clowes.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)628/16 : Spiconarde is a spice, hote in þe firste degree and drye in þe secounde.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)102 : This pouder is made of stynking spyces and stiptyk; for stynke makith þe marice to arise into hir place.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)254/12 : Here ys a precyus medcyn..for many dyuerse syknes of mans body..it ys..made of xii chosyn spysis.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)86a/b : Þe triacle þat Galien makiþ..is maad of iiij spicis..And ech of þese iiij spicis is triacle by him silf.
- a1500 Hisp.SSecr.(Rwl C.83)7/18 : Þis season also is conuenient for laxis, and baynis drye and moiste, also to take aromatik pocions made with spices.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.23 : Somdel wiþ spices þat he brouȝte, wiþ wicchecraft, and wiþ faire wordes, he made þe lady..mad.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)1.147 : Loue is triacle of heuene; May no synne be on him sene þat vseth þat spise.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)18/31 : To make a spyce for þe tothewerke: Tak lij leues of sawge..and saye at þe pullynge of euer ilk a lefe a Pater noster and Aue Maria.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)24/29 : Abusyon is..ȝif sche entyce þe man..moor to parforme lust þan for to multeplye froyt..wt hote metis & drynkis, wt spicys & medicynys.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)64/12 : Yf þow take a medecyne, do it by þe conseil of many; And haue a trew man þat konnys þe maners of spyces and þaire qualiteez.
- a1500 *Ripley CAlch.(Trin-C O.5.31)1902 : Oyll of lune & water with labour grete I made yt calcenyng with salt preperat..Gryndyng with venygere..& also with aqua vyte with spycis acuate.
c
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)177a/a : Þe fifte resalgar is a manere of venimous spice of þe erþe..it is miche liche to arsenek..of þe whiche þe malice & þe venym is repressed in þis maner þat it mowe be leide to nobel persones and delicat members.
3.
In cpds. & combs.: ~ cake, a spiced cake or biscuit; ~ chargeour (dish, plate), a dish or plate for serving spices or spiced food; ~ hous, a storage place or room for spices; ~ shoppe, ?an apothecary's shop, a drug store; ~ touaille, a table napkin, perh. used with dessert.
Associated quotations
- (1349-50) Will Court Hust.(Gldh)1.626 : A spycedische.
- (1378) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.15 : [A gilt] spicedissh.
- (1398) Will York in Sur.Soc.4245 : Lego..ij lapidibus marmoreis..cum ij spiceplates de peudr', spicechargeours depictis.
- (1403) Will York in Sur.Soc.4329 : Item, lego..meliorem meum spiceplate argenteum.
- (1415) Invent.Agincourt in Archaeol.7088 : Item, vn Spice towaill de Reynis, peruse, pris iiij d.
- (1420) EEWills46/1 : A spyce disshe of seluer, & ouerguld, þat weyyth xj ounsus & i quarter.
- (1420-21) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.500 : De Nell' Bartholomuxdoghter pro i barello di. spicecakes, i sacco patyns pr. xvi s. viii d.
- (1423) Will York in Sur.Soc.4578 : Spiceria: Et de iiij £ receptis pro j spysce-plate deaurato, Et de c s. receptis pro duobus spysce-plates de argento.
- (1431) Will York in Sur.Soc.3017 : Volo quod spyyc plate vendatur et detur pauperibus ad orandum pro me.
- (1459) Invent.Fastolf(1) in Paston Letters (Add Charter 17247:Gairdner)3.167 : Item, j spice plate, well gilt like a double rose, my maister helmet in the myddes, with rede roses of my maisters armes.
- (1468-9) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9992 : Pro nova construccione unius spycehouse ad exitum Coquine, 30 s.
- (1473) Will Uvedale in SAC 3159 : Volo quod Elizabeth uxor mea..habeat..unum spice plate.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)81 : He [royal confectioner] rescevethe the spyce plates.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)118b : A Spice [Monson: Spycere] schope: apotheca, ipotheca.
4.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1298) Pat.R.Edw.I380 : Roger Spice.
- (1394) Doc.in Bentley Excerpta Hist.425 : Clement Spice.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Sense 1.(a): we might want to reconsider whether the "cheuen (taken) ~, to chew a spice as a breath freshener" would be better in sense 1.(d), with the "aromatic spices" rather than with the "taste spices". Quots in question are the second (Ancr. 43/26) and third (A Mayde Cristes which in swete adj. is in the "smell" sense group) and the c1450 Ponthus 141/30. (In point of fact, a lot of spices like cinnamon, clove, ginger, etc. are quite bitter to the taste, though aromatic, and while they enhance flavor if added to food, chewed by themselves, the virtue would be in the aroma.)--per MJW
Note: I believe the quots should remain in sense 1.(a), because I think that it is difficult to make the taste / aroma distinction, since those senses operate in tandem. The designated quots also do not designate which spices are concerned, and we may not want to limit the range to ginger, cloves, or cinnamon--certain berries, nuts, and seeds, for example, are (and were) also considered spices. It is perhaps a false distinction to separate spices on the basis of taste and smell, although here, it seems that the taste spices in sense 1.(a) actually can be consumed, while the armomatic spices in sense 1.(d) are experienced through the sense of smell or for external use only--another reason for leaving the quots here. As for the Mayde Cristes quot., I don't see why it would have to be in the "smell" group--unless it is literal, in which case it should be moved to 1.(d). (Also, food for thought: while some spices may taste bitter or unpalatable when chewed, perhaps their aftertaste is sweet or they leave a fresh taste in the mouth.)--per MLL
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. spice.