| Justice | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| William H. Rehnquist | Lutheran |
| Stephen G. Breyer | Jewish |
| Ruth Bader Ginsburg | Jewish |
| Anthony M. Kennedy | Catholic |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | Episcopalian |
| Antonin Scalia | Catholic |
| David H. Souter | Episcopalian |
| John Paul Stevens | Protestant |
| Clarence Thomas | Catholic |
| Religious Affiliation | Justices | % of U.S. Pop. in this religion | % of Justices in this religion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian | Kennedy, Scalia, Thomas, O'Connor, Souter, Stevens, Rehnquist | 86% | 78% |
| Protestant* | Stevens, Rehnquist | 57% | 22% |
| Lutheran | Rehnquist | 5.2% | 11% |
| Catholic | Kennedy, Scalia, Thomas | 26% | 33% |
| Episcopalian | O'Connor, Souter | 1.7% | 22% |
| Jewish | Breyer, Ginsburg | 1.8% | 22% |
* Protestant: Episcopalians have been left out of the "Protestant" category in the table above. Depending on the type of classification system consulted, Anglicans/Episcopalians are sometimes classified as "Protestant" and sometimes not. If one includes the two Episcopalian justices, 44% (4 out of 9) of the Supreme Court justices are Protestant.
| Affiliation | # of Justices | % of Justices | % of U.S. population, 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Episcopal | 33 | 30.8% | 1.7% |
| Presbyterian | 18 | 16.8% | 2.8% |
| "Protestant" not further defined * | 15 | 14.0% | 9.7% |
| Catholic | 10 | 9.3% | 26.0% |
| Unitarian | 9 | 8.4% | 0.2% |
| Jewish | 7 | 6.5% | 1.8% |
| Methodist | 5 | 4.7% | 8.0% |
| Baptist | 3 | 2.8% | 18.0% |
| Congregational | 1 | 0.9% | 0.6% |
| Disciples of Christ | 1 | 0.9% | 0.3% |
| Lutheran | 1 | 0.9% | 5.2% |
| Quaker | 1 | 0.9% | 0.1% |
| Not a member of any church. | 1 | 0.9% | |
| Church of Disciples | 1 | 0.9% | |
| Trinity Church | 1 | 0.9% | |
| Total | 107 | 100.0% | 74.4% |
Some major U.S. religious groups which have never been represented on the U.S. Supreme Court: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints/Mormons (2%), Pentecostals (1.8%), Muslims (1.5%), Eastern Orthodox (1%).
| Justice | Religion |
|---|---|
| Charles E. Hughes | Baptist |
| Howell E. Jackson | Baptist |
| Hugo L. Black | Baptist |
| Anthony M. Kennedy | Catholic |
| Antonin Scalia | Catholic |
| Clarence Thomas | Catholic |
| Edward D. White | Catholic |
| Frank Murphy | Catholic |
| Joseph McKenna | Catholic |
| Pierce Butler | Catholic |
| Roger B. Taney | Catholic |
| Sherman Minton | Catholic |
| William J. Brennan | Catholic |
| Joseph R. Lamar | Church of Disciples |
| Oliver Ellsworth | Congregational |
| James C. McReynolds | Disciples of Christ |
| Alfred Moore | Episcopal |
| Benjamin R. Curtis 2 | Episcopal |
| Bushrod Washington | Episcopal |
| Byron R. White | Episcopal |
| David H. Souter | Episcopal |
| Edward T. Sanford | Episcopal |
| George Sutherland | Episcopal |
| Harlan F. Stone | Episcopal |
| Horace H. Lurton | Episcopal |
| James F. Byrnes | Episcopal |
| James Iredell | Episcopal |
| James Wilson | Episcopal |
| John A. Campbell | Episcopal |
| John Jay | Episcopal |
| John Marshall | Episcopal |
| John Rutledge 4 | Episcopal |
| Melville W. Fuller | Episcopal |
| Morrison R. Waite | Episcopal |
| Owen J. Roberts | Episcopal |
| Peter V. Daniel | Episcopal |
| Philip P. Barbour | Episcopal |
| Potter Stewart | Episcopal |
| Robert H. Jackson | Episcopal |
| Rufus W. Peckham | Episcopal |
| Salmon P. Chase | Episcopal |
| Samuel Chase | Episcopal |
| Sandra Day O'Connor | Episcopal |
| Stephen J. Field | Episcopal |
| Thomas Johnson | Episcopal |
| Thurgood Marshall | Episcopal |
| Ward Hunt | Episcopal |
| William H. Moody | Episcopal |
| Willis Van Devanter | Episcopal |
| Abe Fortas | Jewish |
| Arthur J. Goldberg | Jewish |
| Benjamin N. Cardozo | Jewish |
| Felix Frankfurter | Jewish |
| Louis D. Brandeis | Jewish |
| Ruth Bader Ginsburg | Jewish |
| Stephen G. Breyer | Jewish |
| William H. Rehnquist | Lutheran |
| Charles E. Whittaker | Methodist |
| Frederick M. Vinson | Methodist |
| Harry A. Blackmun | Methodist |
| John McLean 5 | Methodist |
| Lucius Q. C. Lamar | Methodist |
| David Davis | Not a member of any church. |
| Brockholst Livingston | Presbyterian |
| George Shiras, Jr. | Presbyterian |
| John Blair | Presbyterian |
| John Catron | Presbyterian |
| John M. Harlan | Presbyterian |
| Joseph P. Bradley | Presbyterian |
| Lewis F. Powell, Jr. | Presbyterian |
| Mahlon Pitney | Presbyterian |
| Robert C. Grier | Presbyterian |
| Samuel Blatchford | Presbyterian |
| Smith Thompson | Presbyterian |
| Stanley Matthews | Presbyterian |
| Thomas Todd | Presbyterian |
| Tom C. Clark | Presbyterian |
| Warren E. Burger | Presbyterian |
| William Johnson | Presbyterian |
| William O. Douglas | Presbyterian |
| William Strong | Presbyterian |
| Gabriel Duval 6 | Protestant |
| David J. Brewer | Protestant |
| Earl Warren | Protestant |
| Henry B. Brown | Protestant |
| James M. Wayne | Protestant |
| John H. Clarke | Protestant |
| John McKinley | Protestant |
| John Paul Stevens | Protestant |
| Levi Woodbury | Protestant |
| Robert Trimble | Protestant |
| Samuel Nelson | Protestant |
| Stanley F. Reed | Protestant |
| William B. Woods | Protestant |
| William Paterson | Protestant |
| William R. Day | Protestant |
| Noah H. Swayne | Quaker |
| Henry Baldwin | Trinity Church |
| Harold H. Burton | Unitarian |
| Horace Gray | Unitarian |
| Joseph Story | Unitarian |
| Nathan Clifford 1 | Unitarian |
| Oliver W. Holmes | Unitarian |
| Samuel F. Miller | Unitarian |
| Wiley B. Rutledge | Unitarian |
| William Cushing | Unitarian |
| William H. Taft | Unitarian |
* "Protestant" not further defined: According to 2000 Gallup polling data, 57% of Americans identify themselves as Protestants. But most also identify with a specific denomination or denominational family. In the 1990 Kosmin NSRI survey, 9.7% of Americans stated their religious preference as "Protestant", without further denominational identification.
It is important to note that the relative proportion of membership in various religious groups has changed dramatically over the course of U.S. history. For example, when the nation was founded, Congregationalists and Episcopalians were among the largest denominations, but there were very few Catholics. Today, the Catholic Church is the largest U.S. denomination. Also, there are only nine Supreme Court justices, so it would be impossible to ever have a Court that reflects every possible demographic group. So, to compare the proportion of Supreme Court justices in various denominations from throughout U.S. history versus the proportion of U.S. citizens in those denominations today is not as meaningful as, for example, comparing the current religious composition of the U.S. House of Representatives to the current religious demographics of the U.S. population.