Greater Mumbai Metropolitan area or BrihinMumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC)
area, is divided in two revenue districts viz Mumbai city District and Mumbai
suburban District. Greater Mumbai of Maharashtra is entirely urban. It extends
between 18o and 19.20o northern latitude and between 72o and 73.00o eastern
longitude. It has an east to west extend of about 12 km. where it is broadest,
and a north - south extend of about 40 km.
Geographically speaking, Greater Mumbai is an island outside the mainland of
Kokan in Maharashtra separated from the mainland by the narrow Thane Creek and
a somewhat wider Harbour Bay. At present, it covers the original island group
of Mumbai, and most of the island of Salsette, with the former Trombay island
appended to it in its Southeast. A small part in the north the Salsette island
however, lies in Thane District. The Salsette-Mumbai island creek and the Thane
creek together separate it from the mainland. Thus the area of Greater Mumbai
is surrounded on three sides by the seas: by the Arabian Sea to the west and
the south, the Harbour Bay and the Thane Creek in the east - but in the north,
the district of Thane stretches along its boundary across the northern parts
of Salsette. The BMC limit extends upto Mulund, Mankhurd and Dahisar.
It’s height is hardly 10 to 15 meters above sea level. At some places
the height is just above the sea level. Part of Mumbai City district is a reclaimed
land on Arabian sea coast. Mumbai City is one of the first four metropolitan
areas in India.
It is the capital city of Maharashtra State. It has global importance since
Mumbai is an international sea port and the international Sahar airport. Because
of these, many multinational companies have set up their commercial base in
Mumbai. It is also well connected with other parts of India by Western Express
Highway and Eastern Express Highway. Mumbai has strategic importance from the
defence point of view, with headquarters of Western Naval Command and important
offices of Army, Air force and Coast guard.
1.2 Area and Divisions
Greater Mumbai covers an area of 437.71 sq. km. that constitutes 0.14 per cent
of the total area of the State of Maharashtra. The importance of Greater Mumbai
is also apparent from the fact that the it supports a population of about 9.9
million sharing 12.57 per cent of the population of the State (as per 1991 census)
with sizeable day-time floating population from places like Thane, Nashik, Raigad
and Pune districts, including the population from municipal corporations of
Thane, Navi Mumbai, Kalyan-Dombivili, Ulhasnagar in Thane district and Panvel
in Raigad district.
The Mumbai City District is covered by area of only 67.79 sq. kms. This district
has no revenue tahsils but land record administration is being done according
to Revenue Divisions and there are as such 19 revenue divisions in the District.
All other administrative work is being done according the municipal administrative
wards and there are 9 municipal wards in the district; A to E wards, F/South
and F/North, G/South and G/North wards.
The Mumbai Suburban District covers an area of 370 sqkm. The District consists
of one administrative sub-division comprising three Tahsils (that is, Kurla,
Borivali and Andheri). The district covers 14 municipal wards of BMC, and is
also referred as Eastern Suburbs and Western Suburbs.
Each ward is under the administrative control of a ward officer. There is a
Municipal Commissioner along with the Mayor-in-Council to oversee the activities
of the BMC. There is a police commissionerate for the entire BMC area headed
by the Police Commissioner with the headquarters at Crawford Market. The BMC
area is further divided into seven police zones. The traffic commissionerate
headquarters is located at Crawford Market and there are seventeen traffic divisions
in Mumbai.
The fire brigade is established under the BMC act, and has its headquarters
at Byculla. There are in all 23 fire stations in Mumbai. The Fire Brigade is
administratively divided into three Regions, each under the charge of a Deputy
Chief Fire Officer. Each Region is further divided into Sub-Divisions, comprising
a certain number of fire stations under the charge of Assistant Divisional Officer.
1.3 Salient Physical Features and Land Use Patterns
1.3.1 Soil
The predominant soil cover in Mumbai city is sandy whereas in the suburban
district, the soil cover is alluvial and loamy.
Land Use
Mumbai city district(area in sq. km and percentage)
Mumbai suburban district (area in sq. km and percentage)
Inhabited area
53.84, 79.45 %
277.5, 75 %
Agricultural area
Nil
18.5, 5 %
Industrial area
13.5, 19.9 %
41.0, 11.69 %
Forest Cover
0.4543, 0.7 %
33.0, 8.31 %
Wastelands
Nil
Nil
Total
67.79 square kilometres
370 square kilometres
Backbay and Bandra reclamation are the major reclamation areas of Mumbai in
the Arabian sea.
1.3.2 Geology and Geomorphology
The entire Greater Mumbai area is occupied by Deccan basalt flows and their
acid and basic variants, poured out between the late Cretaceous and early Eocene
times. The basaltic flows are horizontally bedded and are more or less uniform
in character over wide areas. Certain extrusive and intrusive mafic types are
associated with basalt’s and are found in the Mumbai Islands and it's
vicinity. This is in contrast to the monotonous uniformity displayed by the
Deccan basalt’s in general. Furthermore, some fossiliferous sediments,
mainly of tufaceous origin and partly of fresh water origin, rich in fauna,
are also found in Mumbai area.
The stratigraphic succession of rocks in Mumbai area is given below : -
Recent :
Alluvium, Sand and recent Conglomerate
Cretaceous to Eocene : Laterite
Trap dykes
Volcanic
agglomerate and breccia Basalt flows with
interbedded
ash beds and fossiliferous fresh water shakes.
1.3.2.1 Mumbai Island
Mumbai Island has ridges along its western and eastern side. The city of Mumbai
is built on the centrallow-lying part of the island. The western ridge comprises
stratified ash beds overlain by hard, massive andesitic lava flows, both formations
showing gentle tilt towards the west. The stratified ashed which display variegated
colours and variable textures attain a total thickness of about 45m. The varieties
are, from bottom to top : i) coarse grained acid fuffs of variegated colours
noticed to the east of Worli fort, ii) Yellowish brown ash exposed near Chowpatty
beach, along the embankment of Walkeshwar road, Malabar Cumballa ridge, Haji
Ali tomp and the Worli fort hills. The exposures at Worli contain fossil tortoise
and frogs ( Rana Pussilla ) and iii) coarse grained carbonaceous ash covered
by yellowish brown tuffaceous ash devoid of fossils.
The ash beds are capped by massive lava flows which attain a thickness of about
16 m. The rocks are aphanitic, have a conchoidal fracture and exhibit conspicuous
hexagonal columnar jointing. They are exposed on the Malabar, Cumballa, Worli
hills and extend on to the Salsette island. Dark coloured fossiliferous shales
attaining a thickness of about 2m. are exposed at the foot of the Worli hills.
Being deposited during a period of quiescence and overlain by a later flow,
these beds are known as Intertrapean Beds. They are very significant as the
fossils in them are helpful in fixing the possible age of the associated lava
flows.
The eastern ridge represents a different suite of rocks. They are, from bottom
to top :
i) basalt, greenish amygdaloidal basalt exposed at Bhoiwada , Mazagaon and
Koliwada hills, ii) red ash breccia noticed in the exposures at Sion, iii) highly
chilled basic lavas of Sewri fort and Antophills described as Melaphre in the
older literature, iv) stratified ashes of Sewri and Cotton Green , the exposures
described by earlier students of the geology of Mumbai are now covered by building,
but are exposed in some road cuttings.
The geology of the intervening low lands is more or less obscured by the development
of the city of Mumbai. but some of the recent excavations near Flora Fountain,
Old Custom House and Dader have revealed the presence of either the greenish-
grey basalt or the yellowish brown ash.
1.3.2.2 Salsette Island
The central portions of Salsette island comprise a range of hills trending
north-south merging into the tidal swamps towards the east, while towards the
west these hills pass into wide plains with a few isolated hillocks. Basalt
is the major rook unit constituting the main ridge extending from Ghatkopar,
east of Jogeshwari, Aarey Milk Colony to Kanheri and beyond . At places, there
are ash beds intervening between successive flows, these may be seen in the
cuttings of the Western Express High-way passing through Jogeshwari. The isolated
hills near Andheri , Jogeshwari railway station, Chincholi and Mandapeshwar
are also largely composed of basaltic types. Acid to sub-acid types are associated
with the basalts at Dongri, Manori, Madh, Karodiwadi, Malad and Kurla. The basalts
in the quarries at Gilbert hill, Andheri, exhibit perfect columnar jointing
with spectacular pentagonal columns, over 40m. in height.
Another interesting geological feature is the occurrence of a vast thickness
of volcanic agglomerate near Tulsi lake and Kanheri caves, indicating a possible
volcanic focus from which much of the pyroclastic rocks in the Mumbai and Salsette
islands may have extruded. These agglomerates are largely made up of elongated
sub-angular vesicular bombs, blocks of brown chert, trachyte, volcanic ejectment
and small pieces of yellow to reddish brown limonitic matter, varying in size
from a few centimetres to as much as one metre, set in a matrix of dense, dull
light grey amorphous material. At places this matrix resembles bauxite. Some
of these agglomerates show fine banding and layers with alternate silliceous
and tuffaceous matter, at places with beautiful and intricate applications and
contortions. Some of the horizons of the agglomerates and breccias, particularly
those which are bauxitised, are quite soft. Differential weathering has resulted
in the siliceous bands which stand out as fine minute ribs in some places, simulating
fossil wood. This feature may be observed in caves no 84, 85, 86 and 87 at Kanheri.
The basalts are intersected by sills and dykes of olivine dolelite, tachylyte
etc. The dykes have a general north - south trend and appear to be limited to
the eastern margin of the main ridge from west of Mulund, and the eastern banks
of the Vihar lake to Vikhroli. Some of these dykes extend further south towards
Mankhurd, Chembur and Nanole in the Trombay Island.
Volcanic breccias and ashes interbedded with basalts are noticed at several
places near Ghod Bunder, around Tulsi and Vihar lakes, Santacruz, Kurla and
Sion. The plains to the west of the main ridge extending from north of Bandra
to Borivali and beyond are clothed by marine alluvium represented by saline
marine muds, recent shell - limestones, calcareous sand stones, etc. A fair
stretch of shore sands with occasional duns extends from Juhu in the south to
Varsova, Marve and Manori in the north.
1.3.2.3 Trombay Island
This island is separated from Mumbai and Salsette by intensive tidal flats
with a series of low hills extending north-south in the centre. Facies of amygdaloidal
olivine basalt dipping gently towards west, with ramified layers and dykes of
rock types described variously as oceanite, ankaramite and monchiquite etc.
are prevalent in this area.
Laterite : Small plateaus east of Kanheri caves and south-west of Tulsi lake
are covered by laterite with bauxite pockets at 5000m. elevation above sea level.
1.3.2.4 Structure
Faults : A well marked fault is seen near Antop hill. Sukheswala ( 1958 ) has
given evidence for two north-south running faults in Mumbai island, one to the
east of Western ridge and other running along the western ridges. The faults
extend into Salsette island and have maximum throw of 75' and 40' respectively.
1.4 Climate and Rainfall
BrihanMumbai receive rains from south-west monsoons, which commence usually
in the first fortnight of June and last till the end of September. Pre-monsoon
showers are received in May. Occasionally, north-east monsoon showers occur
in October and November, but rarely more than twice in the entire rainy season.
In Mumbai city district, the average maximum temperature is 31.2 degree Celsius,
while the average minimum temperature is 23.7 degree Celsius. The average total
annual rainfall is 2146.6 mm. The maximum annual rainfall was recorded in 1954
at 3451.6 mm.
The details about climates and rainfall in Mumbai Suburban District as recorded
at Santacruz rain gauge station of India Meteorological Department are as under
:-
The climate of the Mumbai Suburban District is tropical maritine. The daily
maximum temperature ( mean ) range from 29.1 c in August to 33.3 c in May the
month of April. Daily minimum temperature ( Mean ) range from 16.3 c in January
to 26.2 c in May. The average annual rainfall of this District based on last
30 years data is 2457.0 mtrs. The District receives an average seasonal rainfall
of 2363.0 mm during June- September. The average monthly rainfall is highest
in the month of July (945.4 mm) followed by August ( 660.4 mm ) The monthly
rainfall in June is 647.5 m.m. and 309.2 m.m. in September.
1.5 Socio-Economic Features
During last 35 years there has been a continuing shift of population from Mumbai
city District to Mumbai Suburban District and now further to part of Thane District.
1.5.1 Demographic Features
According to the 1991 census, the demographic features observed in Greater
Mumbai are as follows:
Total number of households : 2,051,000
Total Population :
9,926,000
Total Male Population :
5,460,000
Total Female Population :
4,466,000
Sex Ratio :
818
[Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes are socially handicapped groups listed in
the Schedule of the Indian Constitution]
SC percentage :
6.52 %
ST percentage :
1.05 %
Literacy rate in SC :
59.40 %
Literacy rate in ST :
54.98 %
Slum Population percentage : 74 per cent
1.5.2 Historical, religious and tourist centres
There are many historical religious tourist places in Mumbai. The main centres
of importance in Mumbai are :
1.5.2.1 Government and semi-government establishments
Mantralaya of the state, Assembly hall, Reserve Bank, India Government Mint,
Mumbai University, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research International Port,
Western Naval Command Headquarters, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, I. I. T.
Powai, NITIE, LIC
1.5.2.2 Religious centres
Haji Ali, Mount Mary Church, Babulnath temple, Mahalaxmi, Siddhi-Vinayak, ISKCON,
Dr. Saidhna’s Mosque, Chaitanya Bhoomi
1.5.2.3 Entertainment centres
Taraporewala Aquarium, Nehru Science Centre, Jahangir Art Galley, Prince of
Wales Museum, Hanging Garden, Chowpatty Beach, Juhu Beach, Madh-Manori-Gorai-Aksa
beaches, Film city, Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Esselword Entertainment Park,
Powai, Tulsi and Vihar lakes
1.5.2.4 Archaeological and Historical locations
Gateway of India, Elephanta, Kanheri caves, CST Railway station, BMC building,
Western Railway headquarters, Rajabhai Towers at University of Mumbai, High
Court, Taj Mahal Hotel, Mahim Sanctuary
1.6 Power stations/Electrical installations (receiving
station)
The electricity requirements of Greater Mumbai are met by the Tata Hydro-Electric
system through three distribution agencies; namely the Brihan Mumbai Electric
Supply and Transport Undertaking (BEST) in the island of Mumbai, the Brihinmumbai
Suburban Electric Supply Company (BSES) covering areas of the western suburbs
and southern parts of eastern suburbs and the Maharashtra State Electricity
Board (MSEB) covering the Northern areas of the eastern suburbs.
The BEST is supplying electricity in Mumbai City area from Colaba to Sion/Mahim
over the area of 60 sq.kms. The BEST Undertaking, is purchasing the electricity
from Tata Electric Companies (TEC) and distributing the same in Mumbai City.
They are purchasing electricity from TEC at four points located in Mumbai City
area. These points are
· Carnac Receiving Station :- Sant Tukaram Marg, off Lokmanya Tilak
Road, Carnac Bunder, Mumbai.
· Parel Receiving Station :- Parel Tank Road, Parel.
· Mahalaxmi Receiving Station :- Senapati Bapat Marg, Near Ambica Mill,
opp. Todi Indl. Estate, Lower parel.
· Dharavi Receiving Station :- Andhra Valley Road, Near Shalimar Indl.
Estate, opp. Andhra valley Colony, Dharavi.
They receive the power at their 35 receiving stations and distribute the same
through the network of 1706 substations and HV & LV underground cables.
The substations are located at different locations in the entire area of their
supply. There are two control centres, one at Vidyut Bldg, Pathakwadi opposite
G.T. Hospital and another at Transportation House, Tilak Road, Dadar. All these
35 receiving stations, 1706 substations and two control centres are very important
installations from point of view for distribution and supply of the electrical
energy. The list of these 35 receiving stations and two control centres along
with their address is enclosed separately in Annexure I.
The four receiving stations of TEC mentioned above are fed from their generating
stations through overhead high voltage transmission lines. These generating
stations are also connected to the Maharashtra grid. TEC is also having their
high voltage consumers in Mumbai City area.
At present electricity generation and transmission is being done in Mumbai
by the Tata Hydro-Electric Power Supply Company. The Company has generation
stations at Trombay and Khopoli. It has its receiving stations at Mumbai and
surrounding areas. The Andhra Valley Power Supply Company has also a generation
station at Trombay and another at Bhivpuri. It has also receiving stations in
Mumbai and the surrounding areas. A list of power stations in Mumbai Corporation
area and their locations is also enclosed.
In addition to this, direct supplies are also made from the Tata Hydro-Electric
system to consumers with huge load demand like the railways, textile mills and
a few other industries.
1.7 Water Supply and Sanitation
There are two rivers in Greater Mumbai, Dahiser River and Mithi River
The Dahiser River originates at Kanheri caves and meets Gorai creek. Similarly
the Mithi River originates at Vihar and meets Mahim creek. Over flow of Vihar,
Tulshi and Powai lakes goes to Mithi River. There are no rivers in Mumbai City
District.
There are three dams in Mumbai Suburban District.
Name, location, capacity and catchment area
Name of the Dam
Tulsi
Vihar
Powai
Location of the Dam
National Park area between Mulund & Borivali i.
Near NITIE Bhandup
Between Vikroli and Bhandup Near I. I. T. Powai
Capacity of the Dam in M C M
10.415 MCM
41.766 MCM
5.46 MCM
Catchment area in sq. km.
6.70 sq.km.
18.90 sq.k.m.
6.68 sq. k.m.
All the above three dams are impoundage on lakes. Mumbai receives its water
supply through these dams and other dams located in Thane district.
Solid waste dumping sites are located at Deonar, Mulund, Malad and Gorai.
1.8 Slums
Around 74 per cent of the total population in Greater Mumbai is staying in
hutment or slum colonies. Due to escalating costs of land and materials and
increasing population, it has become almost impossible to acquire residential
property on ownership or even rental basis for a very large proportion of households.
BMC has focused its efforts to provide the basic amenities like water, toilets
and electricity in authorised slum colonies but still large proportion of population
is staying in unauthorised slums and these basic amenities are very rare in
such slums. All the slum colonies whether authorised or unauthorised are vulnerable
to floods, health hazards, fires and cyclones.
1.9 Economy and Industrialisation
The employment count for Greater Mumbai was 34.35 lakhs in 1991 and this level
of economic activity is higher than remaining part of the Maharashtra. As regards
the pattern of employment in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors, the
primary sector is not important in Greater Mumbai since only about 7 in 1000
workers are working in primary sector as their main activity whereas 41.21 percent
of the workers are working in secondary sector and 58.12 percent workers are
working in tertiary sector.
The proportion of women workers is much lower in primary and secondary sectors.
The geographical distribution of the main workers according to their residence
shows that the workers are concentrated in F/S and G/S wards of Mumbai city
and P/S, P/N, R/S and R/N wards of suburban area. As for trade workers, the
workers come from all the wards of Mumbai city as well as H/W, K/W, R/S and
R/N, M/W and T wards in Mumbai suburban area.
The extent of industrialisation gets reflected by the member of industrial
estate and industrial activity and in terms of movement of cargo.
Extent of Industrialisation
City
MSD
MIDC
Number of Industrial Estates
77
336
470
Number of Chemical Industries / tank farms
41
338
--
Total work force in Industries
1,77,779
2,82,062
50,000
Number of pipelines carrying chemicals.
1
29
--
Number of potentially hazardous locations.
8
21
--
Number of vehicles carrying hazardous :
raw materials for industries ( during a month ).
334
502
--
Number of vehicles carrying hazardous :
finished products from industries ( during a month )
33099
24599
--
Number of container terminals:
11
2
Types of Industries : Engineering, Printing, Garments, Plastic, Textiles, Chemical
Oil Installation etc.
It is reported by the Director of Industrial Safety & Health, Mumbai that
the major types of hazardous chemicals and hazardous finished products transported
are:
Mumbai has three entry and exit points at Mankhurd, Dahisar and Mulund with
octroi check posts at each point. The main road stretches are the Eastern Express
Highway from Sion to Mulund leading to NH-3, Western Express Highway from Bandra
to Borivali leading to NH-8, and Sion-Panvel road leading to NH-4 and NH-17.
1.10.1 Surface Transport
The main modes of transport are through the mass transport provided by Central
Railway (from CST to Khopoli and Kasara on the main line and Panvel on the harbour
line), Western Railway (from Churchgate to Virar) and BEST buses within BMC
limits and upto Navi Mumbai and Mira Road which are outside BMC limits.
Mode of Transport
Daily Number of trips
Total number of passengers (daily)
Average peak time passengers (daily)
Central Railway (Main line)
658
1.31 million
0.081 million
Central Railway (Harbour line)
414
0.828 million
0.045 million
Western Railway
923 trains
1.4 million
0.118 million
1.10.2 Outstation travel
For outstation traffic, Central Railway, Western Railway and Konkan Railway
operate from CST, Mumbai Central, Dadar, Bandra, and Kurla terminus while MSRTC
operates buses from Mumbai Central, Parel, Dadar, Borivali and Kurla depots.
In addition, there are many private transporters who operate luxury and semi-luxury
buses to outstation locations.
1.10.3 Waterways
Recently, hovercraft services and ferry services have started operating during
the non-monsoon period from Gateway of India to Navi Mumbai, Uran, Alibag, Rewas
and Juhu.
1.10.4 Air Travel
The international airport is at Sahar, which on an average has 4 million passengers
alighting and departing in a day.
The domestic airport is located at Santacruz which on an average has 4.2 million
passengers alighting and departing in a day.
1.10.5 Details of transport network
City
MSD
Number of National Highways
NIL
NIL
Length (in Kms) of National Highways :
NIL
NIL
State Highways (in Kms)
Western Express Highways
Eastern Express Highways.
B. M. C. Roads (in Kms.)
NIL
NIL
1350 Kms.
23.33 Kms.
25.50 Kms.
1660 Kms.
Number of bridges on rivers
NIL
3
Number of S.T. depots/BEST
2/7
2/17
Number of Jetties
2
14
Number of Boats licensed in Greater Mumbai
2027 (Common)
Number of railway stations with mail/ express halts.
There are in all 2335 slum settlements as per 1985 data in Mumbai.
These slums are considered as vulnerable settlements due to their location
and access to infrastructure. The locations include hilltops, slopes, nallahs,
low-lying areas (with tendency to flood during high tides), coastal locations,
under high tension wires, along highways, along railway lines, within industrial
zones, pavements, along water mains, along open drainage
The major wards having a concentration of more than 100 slums
are given below :
Name of ward
Number of slums
F-S
105
G-N
131
G-S
111
H-E
252
K-E
106
K-W
120
L
167
M-E and M-W
296
N
158
P-N
202
R
180
S
149
T
182
These slums are located on the lands of state government (25 %),
BMC (20 %), Housing Board and central government (5 %), private lands (50 %).
The ownership of these lands has implications for intervention strategies.
2.2 Floods
There are ten rail sections in Central Railway which get submerged
during heavy rains as given below :
· Masjid Rly station to Sandhurst Rd
· Sewri-Wadala
· Matunga Sion
· Kurla Station
· Guru Tej Bahadur Nagar-Chunabhatti
· Mankhurd Station
· Vidyavihar-Ghatkopar
· Kanjurmarg-Vikhroli
· Nahur cabin area
· Mulund station
In the Western Railway, there are 12 rail sections as given
below which get submerged during heavy rains :
· Between Dadar and Matunga Rly-Stations
· Near Dadar Sewage Puri Fication Centre
· Near Elphinstone Rd Rly Station
· Between Elphinstone Rd and Lower Parel, Rly-Station
· Near Lower Parel Rly-Station
· Between Lower Parel and Mahalaxmi Rly-Stations
· North side of Mahalaxmi Rly-Station
· Southside of Mumbai Central Rly-Station
· Below Platform of Mumbai Central Rly-Station
· Culvert below Platform of Marine Lines Rly-Station
· Between Marine Lines & Churchgate Rly-Station
· Charni Rd Rly-Station near Catholic Gymkhana
There a number of flooding points which result in disruption of traffic and
flooding of settlements. The number of flooding points in each ward is given
below
The ward wise number of flooding points is given below :
Ward
Number of slums which get affected
Number of flooding points
1. A
9
16
2. B
Nil
5
3. C
Nil
6
4. D
5
13
5. E
12
7
6. F/South
13
4
7. F/North
Nil
10
8. G/South
3
6
9. G/North
5
6
10. H/East
7
20
11. H/West
8
5
12. K/East
Nil
Nil
13. K/West
10
10
14. L
12
11
15. M/East
3
2
16. M/West
6
7
17. N
3
13
18. P/South
4
32
19. P/North
6
29
20. R/South
7
8
21. R/North
15
5
22. S
3
12
23. T
4
8
A ward wise details of all the flooding locations is given in Annexure II.
Most of these flooding points have been listed in the ward plans and have a
localised impact. However, some of these flooding points have a tendency to
disrupt the traffic and paralyse city life.
A number of steps such as de-silting of drainage and clearing of nallahs are
taken by BMC and Railways to avoid such flooding. However, a combination of
heavy precipitation and high tide may make such flooding unavoidable.
2.3 Fires
Greater Mumbai is greatly diversified and practically has every
type of fire risk. The fire risk can arise from the following sources :
· large number of closely built old timber framed buildings in Ward
A, B and C
· high-rise buildings with inadequate fire-fighting facilities
· commercial activities in Kalbadevi, Mumbadevi, Bhuleshwar, Vadgadi,
Bhendi Bazar, C.P.Tank
· small, medium and heavy hazardous industries in suburban areas
· widespread docks area
· oil refineries in M-W ward
· petrochemical industries
· large slum settlements.
There are 2600 officers and men spread over 23 stations, to fight the fires.
2.4 Earthquakes and house crashes
The major earthquakes that have occurred in Mumbai region in the
last 400 years are given below :
Year
Intensity (MMI)
1594
IV
1618
IX
1678
IV
1832
VI
1854
IV
1877
IV
1906
VI
1926
V
1933
V
1951
VIII
1963
IV
As per the 1991 census, Greater Mumbai has 2,768,910 dwellings,
including residential, commercial and industrial establishments. Of these, only
9.08 % of the dwellings were made of re-inforced concrete while 31.35 % were
engineered masonry constructions. Thus, 59.57 % of all constructions were non-engineered.
This can partly be attributed to the large percentage of population living in
the slums.
Therefore, the major risk category of structures is that of the engineered
masonry constructions. Many of these are essentially load-bearing structures.
There are 19642 cessed buildings in Mumbai city district. Due to the Rent Control
Act restrictions against raising the monthly rent, the landlord did not take
up maintenance of buildings for several years. This has resulted in the deterioration
of the buildings ultimately leading to their collapse. The Maharashtra Government
intervened and took over the responsibility of maintaining these building by
constituting the Bombay Building Repairs & Reconstruction Board in the year
1969.
The break up of these 19642 buildings is as follows .
1) A- category (constructed prior to 1-9-40) 16502
2) B- category (constructed between 1-9-1940 to 31-12-50) 1489
3) C- category (constructed between 1-1-51 to Sept. 1969)
1651
--------
Total
19642
Out of the total 19642 buildings, some of the buildings have been reconstructed
and some have collapsed. Thus the total number of cessed buildings existing
today is around 18,580. Many of these buildings have been repaired several times
in the past from the permissible cost ceiling limit of Rs.75/m2. This has now
been revised to Rs. 750/m2.
The Engineers of the Board undertake frequent inspection of these buildings
and take all preventive measures to protect the building from any collapse due
to its weak structural constitution. Usually dangerous portion of these buildings
are propped up and in many cases demolition of dangerous portion also has also
been resorted to.
Apart from the legal hurdles, paucity of funds has slowed down the work of
Mumbai Repairs Board considerably. House Collapse is therefore a regular phenomenon
and in the absence of adequate transit accommodation, emergency shelters become
a major requirement in the event of house collapse.
2.5 Landslides
Greater Mumbai also faces the risk of Landslides With pressure on land, many
vacant sites on hill slopes or bottoms of hills have turned into inhabited area
and thereby become vulnerable to landslides. Most cases of landslides occur
during heavy rain associated with high velocity winds. It sometimes results
in loss of human lives and damage to structure.
The sites vulnerable to landslides in Mumbai city district are
as follows :
Name of Site
Location
1. Jaiphalwadi Zopadpatti
M.P.Mill Compound, Tardeo Road,
Mumbai- 400 034.
2. Dhobighat Zopadpatti.
--//--
3. Janata Nagar Zopadpatti.
--//--
4. Forjett Street Zopadpatti.
Forjett Street, Grant Road, Mumbai- 7.
5. Zopadpatti behind Wadia Godowns
Tokershi Jivraj Road, Cotton Green , Mumbai- 400 033.
The many sites vulnerable to landslides in Mumbai suburban district
are essentially located on or near the abandoned quarries and hill ranges. These
hillside lands are mainly owned by different authorities like the State/Central
Government, BMC or the Maharashtra Housing Board.
Maharashtra Government has enacted the Maharashtra Slum (Improvement, Abolition
and Rehabilitation) Act, 1971 under which slums in specified areas are notified
as regularised slums and given protection. Since 1991, under the slum improvement
programme, these slums are being improved by Slum Improvement Board, a unit
of Maharashtra Housing Area Development Authority (MHADA). These slums are being
provided with basic amenities. To avoid the damages due to landslides, a programme
of constructing retaining wall is being carried out by the Slum Improvement
Board
2.6 Road Accidents
The major road sections in Mumbai which are accident prone in Mumbai city along
with details of fatal and serious injuries from 1993 to 1995 are
given below :
Sr.No
Location
1993
1994
1995
F
Sr.
F
Sr.
F
Sr.
1.
N.S.Road, Princess St. Fly Over to Birla Krida Kendra
-
-
2
-
2
-
2.
Lala Lajpatrai Road, V.P. Stadium to LLR College
-
1
1
2
2
-
3.
Sir J.J.Road, J.J.Jn. to Sofiya Zuber Road.
1
-
1
2
-
3
4.
Dr.B.A.Rd., Hindmata Jn. toDadar Fire Brigade.
2
4
2
20
2
8
5.
Dr. B.A.Rd., Lalbaug Jn.
-
-
1
2
-
3
6.
Dr. B.A.Rd., Kalachowky Jn
-
-
-
4
-
1
7.
Dr. A.B.Rd., Glaxo Jn. to Worli Naka.
1
2
3
2
1
2
8.
Mahim Causeway to Mahim Jn
3
2
6
2
2
2
The number of accidents from 1990-96 and the deaths resulting from these accidents
are given below :
Year
No. of Accident
No. of Deaths
1990
25,331
386
1991
25,477
339
1992
25,029
385
1993
23,268
334
1994
25,214
316
1995
27,564
372
1996
29,768
397
Traffic density is highest at the following locations :
There are approximately 900 industries either involved in the manufacture and
processing of hazardous goods or in the storage of hazardous goods. A comprehensive
list of these industries along with fact sheets are given in a separate volume.
Many of these godowns are in the close proximity of the residential areas or
other storages, thereby increasing the risk of fires and chemical explosions
in residential as well as industrial estates.
The major concentration of the hazardous industries is seen in the Chembur-Trombay
belt, spread over an area of about 10 square kilometres, having major chemical
complexes, refineries, fertiliser plants, atomic energy establishment and thermal
power station. Clustering of various operating units make them highly vulnerable.
BARC, HPCL, BPCL, RCF, Tata Thermal Generating Station and Oswal Petrochemicals
are some of the hazardous industries operating in this belt. This area is also
in close proximity to the port activities of Mumbai Port Trust which handles
hazardous cargo. MPT has identified 32 hazardous chemicals which are loaded
and unloaded requiring handling and storage. The list of these chemicals along
with the handling capability and necessary actions required to be taken in case
of emergency is given in the volume on “Hazardous industries including
fact sheets”. MPT also has its independent fire service and a disaster
management plan.
The atomic energy establishment, with its residential colonies, has taken adequate
measures to reduce the risk. It also has a comprehensive on-site hazard management
plan with necessary know-how and equipments. However, due to its close proximity
with hazardous industries, namely the refineries, a close on-going co-ordination
of these units and BARC is required, so as to restrict any potential damage.
The mutual aid schme in this area encompasses over 15 industrial units. The
combined resources of these industries provide a highly enhanced degree of insurance
to minimise loss by fire/emergency.
HPCL, BPCL, RCF and Tata Thermal Generating Station, all have their on-site
plans, with manpower and equipment. Industries in the Chembur-Trombay region,
though handling flammable and toxic liquids and gases, are equipped to take
care of minor to moderate emergencies The settlements, which are in the vicinity
of the units increase the risk and require off-site disaster management activities.
None of these organisations have the capacity to manage an off-site impact of
the emergencies. Therefore, the nature of emergency that can develop may require
re-inforcement from Mumbai Fire Brigade and municipal authorities. The detailed
fact sheets of these industries in given in the volume on “Hazardous industries
including fact sheets”.
These fact sheets highlight the specific threat of the hazardous chemicals
in terms of the physical consequences and the resources available with these
industries to tackle the emergencies. The fact sheet identifies the individual
responsible for co-ordinating the activities with other organisations. In view
of the fact that the ward officer is responsible for co-ordinating disaster
response at the ward level, it may be necessary that these units establish a
direct contact with the ward officer in all emergency situations, even when
on-site emergencies occur, and keep him posted with the status of the emergency.
This will improve the co-ordination and allow for timely reinforcement from
fire brigade and at the same time provide standby arrangements, if off-site
operations are required.
In addition, piped natural gas supply to households has started in some suburban
areas and is intended to cover most of the suburbs. In view of this, the risk
of fires due to leakage of gas is an added dimension.
Also, some of the industries are receiving crude oil through underground pipelines.
These include, NOCIL, HPCL, BPCL and Patalganga. There have been incidents of
underground leakages and also fires. Monitoring of these pipelines particularly
when these are passing through areas adjoining residential and slum settlements
in the city is currently done through monitoring points. These pipelines therefore
pose a risk.
2.8 Cyclones
Being an island city, the coastal wards (facing the Arabian Sea) are prone
to gusty winds and cyclonic impacts. Originally, most of the fishing villages
were located along the coast. These include Machimar Nagar in Colaba, Worli
village, Mahim village, etc. Additionally, in most of these wards, a number
of slums have also mushroomed along the coast. Given the quality of housing
material used, these settlements are highly vulnerable and the possibility of
their capacity to withstand the cyclonic storm is limited. A ward wise list
of such settlements and dilapidated buildings prone to cyclonic impact are given
below and have also been identified in each ward plan. These areas may require
evacuation to temporary shelters or identified safe sites.
Ward
Settlement vulnerable to cyclones
A.
1. Ambedkar Nagar
2. Geeta Nagar
3. Sunder Nagar
4. Sudam Nagar
5. Ganesh Murty Nagar Part I & II
6. Machhimar Nagar
7. Shivashakti Nagar
8. Dhobighat
9. Azad Nagar
B.
B.P.T. Coastal area
C.
Old buildings on
1. Mahadevi Shankar Seth Lane
2. Ist Marine Crose Lane
3. S.S. Gaikwad Marg
4. Dhobi Talao
5. Sant Sena Maharaj Marg
6. Ist Kumbhar Wada, Bhandari Stt.
7. Wanka Mohalla
8. Bara Imam Road
9. Chimna Butcher Stt.
10. Chira Bazar
11. Baniyan Stt.
12. Ghoghari Mohalla
13. Ebrahim Rahimtulla Road
14. Kika Stt.
15. J.S.S. Road
16. Chira Bazar
17. Bhai Jivanji Lane
18. Bapu Khote Stt
.19. Ist Pathan Stt.
20. Sant Sena Maharaj Marg
21. Maulana Azad Road
22. Nazarali Bldg., Dharmsi Stt.
23. Ebrahim Rahimtulla Marg
24. Islampura Stt.
25. Dr. Mitrasen Mahimtura Marg
26. Zaobawadi
27. B J.S.S. Road
28. Sonapura Lane
29. Sonapur Lane
30. Ardeshir Dady Seth
31. Ali Umer Street
32. Choghari Mohalla
33. Ist Marine Stt.
34. Ist Carpenter Stt.
35. Pathan Stt
36. Mitrasen Mahimtura Marg
37. Duncan Road (Maulana Azad Road).
D.
1. Tulsiwadi
2. Khetwadi
3. Old buildings in Girgaum
F-North
1. Korba
2. Mithagar
3. Wadala
4. Antop Hill
5. Sangam Nagar
6. Chandani Agar
G-North
1. Mahim Slope Slum Near Creek
2. Sagar Sanidhya Slum
1. Costal Zone of Khar Danda and Chimbar
2. Gazardarbandh
3. Nargis Dutt Nagar
4. Colony
5. Huts along pipe line at Mahim Creek
6. Huts at Sea Rock Hotel
The assessment of extent of vulnerability of the area, people and property
to a hazard or the probability of its occurrence has been undertaken in the
earlier chapters on Vulnerability analysis and risk assessment. These are essential
forerunners for evolving appropriate preventive measures and mitigation strategies.
The analysis shows that various locations in Mumbai are vulnerable to different
disasters in varied degrees. Preparedness and mitigation plans, therefore, will
have to be evolved and implementation monitored locally at the ward level to
reduce the impact of the disasters. While evolving such area specific preparedness
and mitigation plans, types of vulnerabilities will essentially define the levels
of preparedness and mitigation strategies. These strategies will have to be
concentrated more towards the social and economically backward communities,
as against the vulnerability of the overall system.
While devising the mitigation strategy it is necessary to differentiate between
disaster preparedness and disaster mitigation.
3.1 Disaster Preparedness
Preparedness focuses on plans to respond to a disaster threat or occurrence.
It takes into account an estimation of emergency needs and identifies the resources
to meet these needs. It also involves preparation of well-designed plans to
structure the entire post-disaster response, and familiarising the stakeholders,
particularly the communities through training and simulation exercises.
The best examples of preparedness activities are the development of local warning
and community evacuation plans through community education, evolving local response
structures and administrative preparedness by way of stockpiling of supplies;
developing emergency plans for rescue and relief.
3.2 Disaster Mitigation
Pre-disaster planning consists of activities such as disaster mitigation and
disaster preparedness. Disaster mitigation focuses on the hazard that causes
the disaster and tries to eliminate or drastically reduce its direct effects.
Examples include strengthening buildings to make them cyclone or earthquake
resistant, controlling land-use patterns to restrict development in high-risk
areas and diversification of economic activities to act as insurance to offset
losses in different sectors.
Structural measures such as the construction of protective works or alterations
designed to diminish the vulnerability of the elements at risk, and non-structural
measures, such as regulating land use and building codes, and equipping line
departments for damage reduction, can all reduce the impact of a disaster on
a region or a population. Everything that is done to reduce or prevent the damages
that a disaster may cause is called “mitigation of risks.” Such
mitigation measures can be integrated with normal inter-departmental coordination.
Mitigation distinguishes actions that have a long-term impact from those that
are more closely associated with preparedness for, immediate response to, and
short-term recovery from a specific disaster, recognizing that the boundaries
are not absolute. Mitigation efforts must not only be a priority for the repair,
reconstruction, and rehabilitation of developed areas, but must become a prerequisite
for growth in areas that have not been developed.
3.3 Goals of Mitigation Strategy
· To substantially increase public awareness of disaster risk so that
the public demands safer communities in which to live and work; and
· To significantly reduce the risks of loss of life, injuries, economic
costs, and destruction of natural and cultural resources that result from disasters
4. MITIGATION MEASURES FOR GREATER MUMBAI
In view of the risk and the vulnerabilities identified in the earlier sections,
the mitigation measures proposed have been categorised into three major headings
:
· Infrastructure improvement
· Communication and Public Information Systems
· Land use policies and planning
Based on these, additional requirements for the line agencies will have to
be identified keeping in view their future growth requirements as well as specific
demands put on them as a result of disaster management plan exercise. It is
expected that special procurements and inputs will enhance the capabilities
and the quality of service and rationalise efficient contributions of the limited
manpower resources available with these agencies. The mitigation strategy also
envisages the possibilities of upgrading the quality of human resources, through
training, in the long run.
4.1 Infrastructure improvement
Infrastructure improvement for Greater Mumbai has been examined in terms of
transport, services and housing infrastructures. These include road and rail
networks, sanitation and sewer disposal system, storm water drainage systems,
slum improvement and housing repairs and retrofitting programmes. The dependent
lifelines of Mumbai which include water wupply, electric supply, telecom services,
fuel, health, food supply etc, depend very much upon the effective functioning
of these infrastructural facilities.
The overall mitigation strategy aimed at. vulnerability reduction should address
issues with respect to institutional arrangements and implementing strategies
for these infrastructural improvements. The current effort in detailing the
MUTP-II and MURP is a relevant step in the direction of vulnerability reduction.
4.1.1 Transport infrastructure
The requirements of projected passenger traffic, rise in vehicular density,
and the increase in number of vehicles, both private and public, will put tremendous
pressure on the existing transport infrastructure and road network.
For reduction of road accidents, reducing disruptions resulting from floods
and increasing the response time of the emergency services, a comprehensive
mitigation strategy to improve the transport infrastructure becomes imperative.
However, in the present context, any substantive increase in the infrastructure
capabilities would necessitate a large component of resettlement for which an
appropriate policy and participatory strategy will have to be worked out. As
of now, the Government of Maharashtra, based on the recommendations of the “Task
Force on Policy Framework, Institutional Arrangements and Implementation Strategy
for BUTP - II, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Project, July 1995” has
been in a position to come out with a clear statement on urban R&R policy.
4.1.1.1 Expansion of rail services
The proposals of additional railway corridors, that is, the Sixth Corridor
and the Seventh Corridor, need to be reviewed and refined further for implementation.
Additionally, proposed commuter lines in MMR region need to be expedited. Successful
implementation of MUTP-II and subsequent phases therefore is essential. The
list of priority projects proposed under MUTP-II is given below :
4.1.1.2 Priority rail projects proposed under MUTP-II
· Optimisation on Western Railway (including 12 car rakes on through
line)
· Optimisation on Central Railway (including 12 car rakes on through
line)
· 12 Car rake operation on local line of Central Railway
· Borivli-Bhayander additional pair of line.
· Bhayander-Virar additional pair of line
· 5th line on Western Railway from Santacruz to Borivli
· Kurla-Thane additional pair of line
· 12 Car rake operation on local line of Western Railway
· 6th line on Western Railway from Santacruz to Borivli
· East-West line : Bandra-Kurla
· Optimisation on Harbour line *
· 5th line : Kurla-Dadar-CST *
* Proposed in Phase - II
Most of these projects have a component of resettlement as well. These projects
will be implemented by different agencies and hence call for a co-ordinated
approach of the technical and non-technical component with emphasis on participatory
planning and management of resettlement
In order to reduce pedestrian as well as vehicular traffic in A ward, the proposal
of metro railway for this area needs to be seriously pursued. The proposal includes
underground rail corridor connecting CST to Churchgate via Fort market, Stock
Exchange and Nariman Point, thereby providing a circular loop between CST and
Churchgate.
4.1.1.3 Road over Bridges (ROB) and flyovers
Most of the critical ROB proposals have already been included in MUTP-II. Completion
of these would facilitate east-west mobility in addition to the new roads proposed.
These ROBs are at Vikhroli, Jogeshwari (North) and Jogeshwari (South).
In addition, Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC) is undertaking
the work of construction of flyovers across MMR region. Fifty such flyovers
have been sanctioned out of which 43 flyovers are in Greater Mumbai. Works on
majority of them have already started. A comprehensive traffic review will be
required once all these projects are completed.
A list of these flyovers which are sanctioned is given below :
Western Express Highway
1. Mahim Junction
2. Kherwadi
3. Kalina Wakola
4. Santacruz Airport
5. Janata Colony
6. Jogeshwari-Vikroli link road
7. Aarey Goregaon
8. Goregaon Mulund Link Road
9. Rani Sati Marg
10. Shantaram Talao
11. Akurli Road
12. Dattapada Road
13. National Park
14. Shiv Vallabh Road
15. Sahar Flyover
1. Haji Ali
2. J.J.Hospital-Bhendi bazar
3. Crawford market
4. S.B. Marg : N.M. Joshi
5. SB Marg : Elphinstone
6. SB Marg : Fergusson
7. Adi Shankara marg : LBS
8. Worli Naka
9. Siddhi Vinayak
10. Barfiwala Junction
11. Adi Shankara marg : JVLR
12. Dadar Khodadad Circle
13. Juhu Airport subway
4.1.1.4 Road widening
This is one of the major requirements on some of the important arterial roads.
For example, L.B.S. Marg, S.V. Road, Cadell Road, Reay Road etc., have serious
bottlenecks and need to be cleared and widened. In addition, there are many
junction points or flyovers which need improvements. The list of these junctions/flyovers
which need widening or improvements is given below
For clearing the heavy vehicle traffic between Sion and the city, the proposed
truck terminus at Wadala should be made operational and the access to the terminal
via Anik-Panjarapole section needs to be provided. Other roads which need construction
include Santacruz-Chembur link road (including ROB at Kurla) and Western Relief
road from Juhu to Dahisar (including ROB at Dahisar).
4.1.1.6 Provision of special corridors for Fire Brigade, Ambulances,
Police
Keeping in view, the location of municipal and government hospitals, fire stations
and police stations, special corridors for the movement of fire brigade, ambulances
and police can be identified and reserved for these services. Plan should be
evolved to ensure that no other traffic is allowed to block the movement of
these emergency service units. This provision of reserved corridors requires
identification of inter-connecting small lanes and by-lanes so as to ensure
complete north-south and east-west mobility. No parking or any other encroachments
should be permitted on such identified corridors. No additional roads are envisaged
in this proposal. The traffic police in consultation with fire services and
hospitals should be in a position to identify such special corridors. Under
this proposal, additional entrances for casualty may be required in some hospitals.
4.1.1.7 Provision of special corridors for BEST
In order to ensure that BEST buses do not slow down the traffic movement and
also get a required priority being a mass transport, lanes can be reserved on
the main roads for these buses. On such roads with reserved lanes, the left-turn
for other traffic should only be permitted at the signals. Proposal for central
corridor bus lanes has to be examined in this context.
4.1.1.8 Non-parking roads
Roads with high vehicular density and the major arterial roads should be non-parking
zones. Also, the areas having concentration of chemical storages and processing
have a high-risk to fires. Many of these units have settlements in their vicinity
which may require evacuation. Roads connecting to these locations should be
kept free from parking. This would allow for easy evacuation if necessary. For
example, Kurla-Mahul road through Washi naka in the vicinity of the refineries,
section of Reay Road at Sewri etc., Sion-Mahim link road through Dharavi, can
be declared as no-parking roads to facilitate evacuations during emergencies.
Main access to all railway stations should also be declared as non-parking.
This in turn will require implementation of parking demonstration plan and
evolving muli-storeyed parking facilities in high-density areas.
4.1.2 Services and related infrastructure
4.1.2.1 Sanitation facilities
Although there has been no serious outbreak of any epidemic in the city during
the last thirty years, and there has been a daily quality monitoring of water
supply, sanitation facilities are inadequate. It is estimated that more than
40,000 toilets are required to achieve a ratio of 1:25 families. The Slum Sanitation
Programme of the BMC may provide some relief, but is has serious limitations
to reach out to all the population. Innovative and non-conventional approach
to sanitation is required with sufficient financial allocations and political
back-up.
Sewer treatment and disposal facilities proposed under Bombay III BSDP at Lovegrove,
Bandra, Ghatkopar, Bhandup, Malad and Versova need to be put on high priority
and the bottlenecks need to be sorted out at the earliest.
4.1.2.2 Sanitation infrastructure at places of mass congregation
Mumbai attracts a large domestic tourist traffic. Also it has a number of locations
of mass congregation. It is essential that these tourist and mass congregation
locations are provided with adequate water and sanitation infrastructure. Mobile
sanitation facilities can be one of the options. Alternatively, permanent sanitation
infrastructure need to be made available at these locations for the visitors
to ensure health safety for the local residents. For example, Shivaji Park,
Girgaum, Dadar and Juhu Chowpatty, Mahalaxmi, Haji Ali etc.
4.1.2.3 Nallah training, soling and cleaning
The settlements along the nallahs are vulnerable to floods. Also, in the absence
of training, soling and regular de-silting (cleaning), most of these nallahs
have a tendency of flooding and choking. It is necessary that a programme of
nallah training, soling and cleaning is undertaken rigourously through the Storm-water
drainage department of the BMC. This may require shifting of some of the settlements
along the nallahs. For instance, Adarsh Nagar, Janata colony at Worli, Hanuman
Nagar at Malad, Devi pada at Borivali, Gawan Pada at Mulund (E), Slums along
Patel wadi Nalla , Chain of slums along the bank of Mithi river at Kurla (W),
4.1.2.4 Increasing capacity of storm water drainage
The present capacity of the storm-water drains needs to be augmented to a higher
capacity which is under serious consideration with the Government of Maharashtra/BMC.
In keeping with this present concern, care should be taken to ensure that no
natural storm-water holding ponds are allowed to be encroached upon and reclaimed.
The proposal of delinking sewer and storm water drainage system would further
increase the capacity of storm water drainage and reduce the coastal pollution.
The twin goals of the delinking need to be re-enforced through early implementation
of these projects.
4.1.2.5 Upgrading Emergency Services
The response operations of the emergency services of police, fire brigade and
hospitals are often hampered due to inadequate equipments and facilities. These
departments are currently engaged in identifying specific items which will help
them in their response operations. Helping these services to obtain such identified
items would be a part of the mitigation strategy.
4.1.2.6 Enforcing on-site fire fighting capability of hazardous
industries
Presently, each hazardous industry is expected to have an on-site disaster
management plan supported by adequate fire fighting capabilities. However, it
is observed, that the capabilities of these industries are very limited thereby
increasing the pressure on BMC’s Fire Brigade. A programme of upgradation
through training and guidance on procurement from the Fire Brigade would go
a long way in helping these industries to be self-sufficient for on-site disasters
as well as be an additional resource available to the civic administration.
4.1.3 Housing infrastructure
4.1.3.1 Retrofitting and renovation of cessed buildings
Repairs and Reconstruction Board of MHADA has been receiving a set-back in
achieving their targets due to various reasons, especially financial reasons.
As a part of mitigation efforts, the Board has to ensure that repairs carried
out on these cessed buildings should also take into consideration earthquake
and cyclone impacts. This would mean an additional financial requirements. Also,
buildings for retrofitting, need to be identified and appropriate technical
options provided.
4.1.3.2 Informal settlements
Most wards in the western suburbs have a coastal line dotted with informal
settlements. As mentioned earlier, these settlements are most vulnerable to
cyclonic impacts because of the type of housing material used. In order to reduce
such impacts, the quality of housing in these settlements need to be upgraded.
Under the current provisions of settlement improvement, various programmes
have been promoted with limited success. Presently, Slum Rehabilitation Scheme
(SRS) is a major programme for improving the shelter quality.
In order to speed up the rehabilitation process, an institutional arrangement
in the form of “Shiv Shahi Punarvasan Prakalp” has been set-up by
GOM. The present status of SRS is as follows :
· New Schemes : 148
· Conversion Schemes : 43
· Old Schemes : 210
In view of the large number of informal settlements, complementary strategies
for shelter improvements will have to be coupled with the existing one. In this
context, the approach of Slum Upgradation Programme (SUP) under BUDP can be
re-considered. Under the SUP, providing collective tenure (lease-hold rights)
to co-operative housing societies of the settlements and encouraging them to
upgrade the quality of shelter, had demonstrated the possibilities of involving
communities in the self-help process. The scheme also provided for upgradation
of infrastructure to acceptable standards. It therefore becomes essential, that
such strategies for shelter improvement take disaster mitigation into consideration,
thereby reducing the vulnerabilities of these settlements.
4.1.3.3 Minimum access roads
Settlements with inaccessible roads should be taken up on priority under Slum
Improvement Programme (SIP) so as to ensure minimum access roads for fire brigade
and ambulances. Wherever, this is not technically feasible, relocation and safe
siting of settlements should be undertaken. For example, M.P Mill Compound,
New Jaifalwadi at Tardeo, Lal Dongar in Chembur, Vikhroli park site, Sanjay
Nagar, Nav Bharat Nagar, Maharashtra Nagar at Mankhurd, , Asalfa at Ghatkopar
Juhu lane Gilbart hill at juhu, Korba Mithagar at Sewree, Settlements along
Railway lines, etc.
4.2 Communication and Public Information Systems
Public Information System (PIS) demands that people are kept aware and informed
in the entire cycle of disaster management from the stage of risk assessment.
A lot of community education, awareness building, plan dissemination and preparedness
exercises has to precede if a meaningful PIS is made operational. Thus, these
tasks have already been listed in the DMP. Involvement of citizen’s groups,
NGOs and CBOs in plan dissemination and preparedness is going to be one of the
crucial elements.
Additionally, familiarity with warning systems and regular drills to respond
to such a system and specific do’s and don’ts for the community
during the disaster situation have also been suggested. Respective agencies
have been assigned to undertake such tasks.
4.2.1 Wireless communication
For efficient co-ordination and effective response, communication amongst line
departments such as BMC, police, fire brigade, municipal/government hospitals,
meteorological centre and BEST is essential. This can be ensured by upgrading
the present communication system with a more efficient wireless system. The
wireless system should be full-duplex and also enable communication with different
line departments.
4.2.2 Display Boards
Also, as a part of mitigation measure, electronic information display boards
should be installed which could be monitored from BMC control room. The messages
displayed are essentially instructional during the time of disasters. The information
displayed will direct public response and help the administration in localising
the impact. In the normal times, the same display boards can be used for community
education on social issues and disaster preparedness messages.
The Traffic Police and BMC have jointly identified 44 locations where these
display boards can be put-up. The critical locations are all rail terminus,
airports, MSRTC depots, BEST bus stations, Air-India Building, Regal Cinema,
Girgaum Chowpatty, Haji Ali, Worli naka, Gadge Maharaj chowk, Dadar T.T, Sion,
Bandra, Mankhurd, Vashi, Panvel, Ghatkopar, Mulund, Thane, Dahisar, Virar etc.
4.2.3 Public address systems in local trains
In order to keep the passengers informed about the movement of rail services,
especially during monsoon and other contingencies, public address systems needs
to be installed in all the rakes. This would also require a wireless contact
between the guard and the railway stations. Such a system would allow the passengers
to take timely decisions with respect to their travel.
4.2.4 Public address systems at railway stations and bus stations
All railway stations, BEST bus stations, MSRTC bus stations within MMR region,
should have the facility of public address system to keep the passengers updated
on traffic situation.
4.2.5 Cable TV networks
Information put on the cable TV networks may help the citizens to take decisions
with respect to their travel. Since cable TV operators have local coverage,
a ward wise arrangement will have to be made for information inputs.
4.2.6 GIS
All the infrastructural facilities and utilities in Greater Mumbai need to
be mapped on to a GIS application on a multi-user basis. There is therefore
a need to develop a GIS on a scale of 1:1000. This would help the planners,
administrators, emergency services and utility providers.
4.3 Land use policies and planning
The Draft Regional Plan for MMR Region 1996-2011, provides a basic framework
for the land use policies and indicates the directions for planning. Within
the context of the policy framework incorporated in this document and the priorities
listed, the following can be brought within the purview of the mitigation strategy.
4.3.1 Safe siting
The MEIP study on community preparedness and environmental management for Mumbai
has indicated the typology of vulnerable settlements including pavement dwellers.
The current typology of settlements only looks at the ownership and eligibility
for regularisation. A detailed analysis of the existing settlements in terms
of typology of vulnerability would facilitate the preparation of a master plan
for safe siting of such vulnerable settlements.
4.3.2 Improvement and protection of landfill sites
It is observed that at all the landfill sites, the current practice of crude
dumping and absence of watch-and-ward has led to proliferation of informal settlements
thereby adding to the already existing stock of vulnerable settlements. This
also results in loss of opportunity to use such sites through compacting and
providing layers of soil cover for alternate safe siting of vulnerable settlements
and pavement dwellers.
4.3.3 Control on land reclamation
All existing water bodies and storm water holding ponds will have to be protected
under strict development control rules. Clauses providing for any exceptions
should be deleted from the development control rules.
4.3.4 Shifting of storages and hazardous units from residential
areas
As a matter of policy, storage and processing of hazardous material in residential
areas, is normally prohibited. However, looking at the present situation, a
conscious effort to encourage such units to move out from the residential area
will need a package of incentive and subsequent enforcement. This exercise will
have to be done at the micro-level, that is the ward level. A ward-wise inventory
of such units is already available with BMC and can form the basis for evolving
a phased programme.
4.3.5 Decongestion
Mumbai being an island city, has reached its maximum capacity in terms of services
and infrastructure. The GOM has been pursuing the policy of guided land development
schemes such as Bandra-Kurla complex, Oshiwara district centre, Powai area development
scheme, transfer of development rights from south Mumbai to suburbs, development
of new townships such as Navi Mumbai, as strategies towards decongesting the
island city. Simultaneously, efforts have also been made to shift employment
opportunities by shifting some of the major commercial activities such as port,
agriculture, steel and other wholesale markets outside Mumbai. The potentials
of regional dispersions in the MMR needs to be further pursued by concerted
strategies incorporating job location and infrastructure development.
5. NEED FOR CO-ORDINATION MECHANISMS
5.1 Special Features of Greater Mumbai
The bifurcation of Greater Mumbai in Mumbai city and Mumbai Suburban districts
is more a revenue administrative arrangement whereas the Greater Mumbai as a
whole has a Municipal Corporation divided into wards for managing municipal
services. The two District Collectors will assist the Municipal Commissioner
in all aspects of disaster management.
There exist the following Control Rooms in Greater Mumbai
· Police Control Room
· BMC Control Room
· Fire Brigade Control Room
· BEST Control Room
· Central Railway Control Room
· Western Railway Control Room
· Konkan Railway Control Room
· District Control Room for Mumbai district
· District Control Room for Mumbai Suburban district
· Civil Defence Control Room
In addition, on specific request from the Additional Chief Secretary (Home),
help from the armed forces can be sought, especially for evacuation, medical
aid, provision of relief and establishment of relief camps communication aid,
repair to damaged infrastructure, management of International Relief etc. These
activities will be co-ordinated through the Army control room which will form
a part of the co-ordination structure.
During monsoon, temporary control rooms are set-up at all ward offices. In
addition, the Health Department of BMC maintains a daily surveillance on water
quality for epidemics. Water and Sewer Control Rooms also exist within BMC for
monitoring internal co-ordination of these services.
The public transport is managed by the Corporation through BEST and the rapid
mass rail transport is managed by Central Railway and Western Railway. On an
average, about 4 million commuters use these services. Therefore any disruption
in the transport services, can lead to passengers being stranded at various
locations; more specifically, at terminal, transit or junction points like CST,
Churchgate, Dadar, Kurla and Thane (Thane District).
Since, South Mumbai, is primarily a business cum commercial centre, the possibility
of passengers being stranded at work places is very high and needs special attention.
Further, the working population and the labour force is drawn extensively from
Thane District and the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation area which serve as
the dormitories of Mumbai city. Any disaster in Mumbai therefore affects the
population in Thane and Navi Mumbai Corporation areas as well. The authorities
from Thane and Navi Mumbai are also brought into the co-ordination mechanism
by co-ordinating with Thane District Control Room, Thane Municipal Corporation
and Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation.
The experience shows that floods, rail accidents and power failures have mainly
been responsible for such disruptions. Therefore, in such cases, there is a
need for co-ordination with state and central government agencies and local
authorities, particularly, between Central Railway, Western Railway, Police
Department and BMC.
Mumbai city and suburbs experience a number of disasters, the frequency and
intensity of which has been increasing over the last few years. During the disaster
situation various control rooms, municipal departments and state departments
are actively associated and are simultaneously involved in disaster response
from warning to relief and rehabilitation. This creates a situation of multiple
authorities and multiple controls and calls for effective co-ordination mechanisms.
Greater Mumbai Disaster Management Action Plan therefore provides for co-ordination
of various control rooms, departments of municipal corporation, departments
of state government with each other and the state level EOC.
6. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
The Municipal Commissioner vide order No.ENV/1093/DEA/CR/36/TK dated 16th February,
1994 is appointed as the District Disaster Officer for Greater Mumbai. In majority
of the disasters within the managerial capacity of BMC, the BMC will manage
the disaster situation without intervention from the State authorities. Micro-level
plans at ward level have been prepared for all the 23 wards incorporating specific
responsibilities of ward officer who will act as Ward Disaster Manager. The
disaster management operations for functionaries at the ward level has been
given in Section XI.
However, in cases of disasters of exceptionally large magnitude which requires
co-ordination with wide range of lateral agencies including central government
agencies, the Additional Chief Secretary (Home) will assume the responsibility
of Disaster Manager for Mumbai.
Co-ordination arrangements for managing receipt of warning and response operations
on occurrence of disaster are given in separate charts.
6.1 Mumbai Disaster Management Committee
There will be a Mumbai Disaster Management Committee under the chairmanship
of Additional Chief Secretary (Home). The Committee will consist of the following
depending on the type of disaster and its intensity
Additional Chief Secretary
Chairman
Secretary, Relief and Rehabilitation
Member Secretary
Secretary, Home (Law and Order)
Member
Secretary, Housing
Member
Secretary, Medical Education
Member
Secretary, Food and Civil Supplies
Member
Divisional Commissioner (Konkan)
Member
Transport Commissioner
Member
Municipal Commissioner
Member
Commissioner of Police
Member
General Manager, Central Railway
Member
General Manager, Western Railway
Member
General Manager, Konkan Railway
Member
General Manager, BEST
Member
Dy. Director General, Meteorology Department
Invitee
Secretary, Industries
Member
Chairman, Mumbai Port Trust
Member
Director, MPCB
Invitee
Secretary, Public Works
Member
Director, Airport Authority of India, Mumbai
Invitee
GOC, Maharashtra Gujarat Area
Invitee
Commander, Mumbai Sub Area
Invitee
Colonel General (Staff)
Invitee
6.2 Functions of the Mumbai Disaster Management
Committee
The functions of the Mumbai Disaster Management Committee would
be to :
· Ensure effective inter-departmental co-ordination between all state
departments
· Provide policy decisions when required
· Keep the government informed about disaster situation
· Review disaster related activity reports received from BMC Control
Room, Police Control Room and Army Control Room and provide appropriate directions.
· Co-ordinate the activities of lateral, and Central Government agencies
like
Defence Services,
SRP, CRPF, Coast Guards, CISF
MTNL, AAI, Port
Trust, FCI
DD, AIR
Meteorology Dept,
MPCB, BARC
The ACS (Home) may set-up an informal group (core committee) as a part of preparedness
measures and on-going consultations with respect to disaster management plan.
This core group can consist of the following members which can meet more frequently
to help in streamlining resource mobilisation particularly specialised equipments
(such as given below) for specific emergencies such as gas leakages, house collapses
etc, and for better co-ordination.
· ACS (Home)
· BMC, Municipal Commissioner
· Police Commissioner, Mumbai
· Chief Fire Officer, Mumbai
· GOC Maharashtra Gujarat Area
Materials/Equipments for resource mobilisation
· Ambulances
· Mobile X-Ray units
· Boats/Rescue Boats
· Public address systems
· Buses
· Pumps – diesel and electric
· Cranes
· Self breathing apparatus
· Demolition equipments
· Sniffer dogs
· Drilling rigs
· Tankers
· Earth moving equipments
· Tents
· Foam Tenders
· Toxic gas masks
· Generators
· Tractor
· Ham sets
· Trucks
· Helicopter service
· VHF sets with batteries
· Mobile trauma care vans
· Wireless sets
6.3 BMC Disaster Management Committee
In order to ensure speedy and effective response, the execution of disaster
related activities will be undertaken under the direction of the BMC Disaster
Management Committee. The Committee will also be responsible for continuous
monitoring of such activities. Such a committee will be a permanent committee.
The composition of the committee will be as follows:-
Municipal Commissioner
Chairman
Deputy Municipal Commissioner - In-charge BMC Control Room
Member Secretary
Collector, Greater Mumbai District
Member
Collector, Mumbai Suburban District
Member
Collector, Thane
Member
Transport Commissioner
Member
Joint Commissioner of Police (Law and Order)
Member
Additional Commissioner of Police (Traffic)
Member
Chief Fire Officer, BMC
Member
General Manager, Central Railway
Member
General Manager, Western Railway
Member
Director, Medical Services, GOM
Member
Executive Health Director, BMC
Member
Director, Civil Defence and Home Guards
Member
General Manager, BEST
Member
General Manager, BSES
Member
Technical Director, MSEB
Member
Executive Engineer, Water and Sanitation, BMC
Member
Controller of Rationing
Member
Director, Industrial Safety and Health
Member
Chief Engineer, PWD, GOM
Member
Director General, Information and Public Relations
Member
6.4 Functions of Municipal Commissioner
· Establishing Priorities
· Supervision and Monitoring of disaster management and relief activities
· Coordinate the activities of
Police Control Room
BMC Control Room
Fire Brigade Control Room
Central Railway Control Room
Western Railway Control Room
Konkan Railway Control Room
District Control Room for Greater
Mumbai district
District Control Room for Mumbai Suburban
district
Civil Defence Control Room
· Coordinate with NGOs, and aid agencies
· Enlist services of GOI/GOM laboratories and expert institutions for
specialised services through the office of ACS as and when required
7. FUNCTIONS OF CONTROL ROOMS
The control rooms under the jurisdiction of various line departments will be
responsible for co-ordinating and facilitating the performance of the services
and functions listed against each control room. The Control Rooms would also
ensure availability and movement of the staff of their respective departments.
Additional assistance of the BMC Control Room may be sought in emergency situations.
7.1 Police Control Room
· Cordoning of area to restrict movement of vehicular and pedestrian
traffic
· Shifting the rescued/affected people to hospitals
· Providing easy access to rescue and relief personnel/vehicles
· Corpse disposal
· Law and order
· Divert traffic on alternate routes as and when necessary in co-ordination
with BEST
· Request MPT for providing access through MPT roads during emergencies
for specific time duration and monitor the requirement of such an access
· Set-up an information centre to organise sharing of information with
mass media and community
· Co-ordinate with BMC Control Room
7.2 BMC Control Room
In addition to performing the tasks listed below, the BMC Control Room in its
capacity as a nodal control room will be responsible for co-ordinating the support
from all other control rooms for the activities of all line departments and
agencies which are involved at the disaster site. The BMC Control Room may seek
assistance from the District Collector (Mumbai city and Mumbai Suburban) for
requisitioning of resources such as private transport, temporary shelter and
other resources.
The field level operational functions of BMC Control Room are
as follows :
· Emergency supplies of water and cooked food
· Transfer of stranded and marooned persons
· Emergency transport for the seriously injured
· Setting up temporary shelters
· Salvage Operations
· Corpse disposal
· Assistance to other control rooms for movement/transport of staff including
Rescue parties, Relief Personnel and Relief Materials
· Communicate to EOC additional resources required by various control
rooms
· Establishing communication links with
EOC
Mutual Aid
and Response Group
NGO coordinating
committee
Private donors
· Dispatch of Preliminary Information Report to Emergency Operations
Centre
· Dispatch of all information and any other as asked for by Emergency
Operations Centre
· Report to Emergency Operations Centre on deployment and reinforcements
of staff and resources.
· Issue of passes and identification stickers for vehicles on relief
duty
· Provide official shoulder bands with BMC emblem to all ward officers
and other BMC officers on disaster duty for easy identification.
· Issue of passes and identity cards to relief personnel including the
persons from NGOs
· Coordinate NGO activities through necessary support to ensure community
participation by
Establishing
coordination mechanisms among NGOs
identification
of NGOs to serve on committees, task force
assigning
well-defined area of operations and report to EOC
assigning
specific response functions to specialised NGOs and report to EOC
Coordinate
supplies distributed directly by NGOs and other organisations including private
donors
reporting
upon procurement and disbursement of relief materials received through government
and non-government channels
Mobilising
and coordinating work of volunteers ensuring community participation
· Organise and coordinate clearance of debris
· Temporary Repairs to damaged infrastructure
power
water
transport
telecommunication
roads
wharves
bridges
canals
public buildings
· Coordination of Transport with
Railways
MSRTC and BEST
Private transporters
Boat Operators
· Request MPT for providing access through MPT roads during emergencies
for specific time duration and monitor the requirement of such an access
· Set-up an information centre to organise sharing of information with
mass media and community
· Provide all information contained in the Risk and Vulnerability Assessment
document of Mumbai district to all the other control rooms and in special circumstances
communicate the disaster prone sites to all control rooms.
· Monitor disaster warning or disaster occurrence and communicate the
same to EOC and the other control rooms for better preparedness and effective
response in coordination with and on the advise of the following agencies :
Meteorology Department (Heavy Rains, Cyclones, Tidal waves),
MERI, BARC, Meteorology Department (Earthquakes),
Industries (Industrial and Chemical Accidents),
Fire Brigade, Police (Road Accidents, Riots, Bomb threats/blast, Fires, House
Crashes, Landslides)
Railways (Accidents and Disruptions).
Health Department (BMC/Government) (Epidemics and Food Poisoning)
· Coordinate with other control rooms
· Keep readily available all the information contained in DDMAP, including
Inventory of Resources as given in Mumbai DDMAP
Office and residence telephone numbers, fax numbers, and mobile numbers where
applicable of Chief Secretary and other Secretaries
including those of Mumbai Disaster Management Committee at Mantralaya and BMC
Disaster Management Committee
Phone numbers, names, addresses and pager numbers where applicable of the officers
from various control rooms
List of people who are organising and co-ordinating the relief activities at
the site
Phone numbers, names, and addresses of the BMC ward level officers
Phone numbers, names, and addresses Non-officials (like MPs, MLAS, and Corporators)
in the city
Planning Information required including maps incorporated in Mumbai DDMAP
Disaster Site Map and indications on extent to which other areas may be affected,
etc.
Information regarding alternate routes, water sources, layout of essential services
which may be affected, etc.
7.3 Fire Brigade Control Room
· Rescue and evacuation
· Salvage Operations
· Communicate to BMC Control Room details of all the above activities
· Communicate to BMC Control Room any additional resources required for
performing the above tasks
7.4 Railways Control Room (Central and Western)
· Rescue and Salvage Operations for rail accidents
· Monitor flood situations on railway tracks and co-ordinate with BMC
Control Room for mass transport requirements
· Co-ordinate with BMC Control Room for draining of flood waters from
the railway tracks
· Co-ordinate medical and first aid with Railway Hospitals and BMC Control
Room
· Set-up an information centre to organise sharing of information with
mass media and community
· Communicate to BMC Control Room details of all the above activities
· Communicate to BMC Control Room any additional resources required for
performing the above tasks
7.5 District Control Room for Greater Mumbai district
· Requisition of accommodation, structure, vehicles and equipments for
relief
· Setting up of transit camps and arranging for food distribution
· Arrangements for dry rations and family kits for cooking
· Provide gratuitous relief
· Set-up an information centre to organise sharing of information with
mass media and community
· Communicate to BMC Control Room details of all the above activities
· Communicate to BMC Control Room any additional resources required for
performing the above tasks
7.6 District Control Room for Mumbai Suburban district
· Requisition of accommodation, structure, vehicles and equipments for
relief
· Setting up of transit camps and arranging for food distribution
· Arrangements for dry rations and family kits for cooking
· Provide gratuitous relief
· Set-up an information centre to organise sharing of information with
mass media and community
· Communicate to BMC Control Room details of all the above activities
· Communicate to BMC Control Room any additional resources required for
performing the above tasks
7.7 Health Activities during Disaster (for BMC and State
Government)
· Emergency Supplies of medicines and first-aid
· Providing emergency treatment for the seriously injured
· Corpse disposal
· Preventive medicine and anti-epidemic actions
· Supervision of food, water supplies, sanitation and disposal of waste
· Assess and Co-ordinate provision of ambulances and hospitals where
they could be sent, (public and private);
· Provide special information required regarding precautions for epidemics
· Set-up an information centre to organise sharing of information with
mass media and community
· Communicate to BMC Control Room details of all the above activities
· Communicate to BMC Control Room any additional resources required for
performing the above tasks
7.8 Civil Defence Control Room
· Rescue and evacuation
· Communicate to BMC Control Room details of all the above activities
· Communicate to BMC Control Room any additional resources required for
performing the above tasks
7.9 Army Control Room
· Maintain liaison with the Mumbai Disaster Committee for vital inputs
during warning period
· Collate information and warn appropriate Army units
· Coordinate movement of men and material as required
· Establish communications till site of disaster and supplement the civil
communication set up if required.
· Coordinate all military activity required by the civil administration.
The armed forces can be requested by the Additional Chief Secretary, Home to
perform the following activities in the event of a disaster:
· Infrastructure for Command and Control
Infrastructure for setting up command and control organisation for relief can
be an important task for armed forces. This would include provision of communications
(radio, telephone) and specialised manpower.
· Medical Aid
Provision of medical care with the help of the medical teams, including treatment
at the nearest armed forces hospital.
· Transportation of Relief Material
Provision of logistic back-up (aircrafts, helicopters, boats, etc) and vehicles
for transportation of relief material to the affected areas.
· Establishment of Relief Camps
Setting up relief camps and overseeing their running can be done through the
armed forces.
· Construction and Repair of Roads and Bridges
Construction and repair of roads and bridges to enable relief teams/material
to reach affected areas can be undertaken by army engineers. This will include
provision of technical and plant equipment such as cranes, bulldozers and boats
etc.
· Maintenance of essential services
Repair, maintenance and running of essential services can be undertaken in
the initial stages of relief.
· Evacuation of people to safer areas
Assist in evacuation of people to safe places before and after the disaster.
· Management of International Relief
Management of handling of international relief can be undertaken by the defence
services.
7.10 Response Structure during Warning
7.11 Response Structure on Occurrence of Disaster
7.12 Ward level Response Structure during Warning
7.13 Ward level Response Structure on Occurrence
of Disaster
7.14 Key officials and contact persons for response
plan
Designation
Additional Chief Secretary, Home, Mantralaya
Secretary, Relief and Rehabilitation, Mantralaya
Secretary, Home (Law and Order), Mantralaya
Secretary, Housing, Mantralaya
Secretary, Medical Education, Mantralaya
Secretary, Food and Civil Supplies, Mantralaya
Divisional Commissioner (Konkan), Kala Ghoda, Fort
Transport Commissioner, Colaba
Municipal Commissioner, BMC, Fort
Collector, Mumbai City, Ballard Estate
Collector, Mumbai Suburban, Bandra
Commissioner of Police, Crawford Market
General Manager, Central Railway, CST
General Manager, Western Railway, Churchgate
General Manager, Konkan Railway, Belapur, Navi Mumbai
General Manager, BEST, Electric House, Colaba
Dy. Director General, Meteorology Department, Colaba
Secretary, Industries, Mantralaya
Chairman, Mumbai Port Trust, Ballard Estate
Director, MPCB
Secretary, Public Works, Mantralaya
Director, Airport Authority of India, Mumbai, Santacruz
GOC, Maharashtra Gujarat Area
Commander, Mumbai Sub Area
Colonel General (Staff)
Chief Fire Officer, BMC, Byculla
Executive Health Officer, BMC, Fort
Director of Medical Services, Fort
General Manager, BSES
Technical Director, MSEB
HPCL, Mahul
BPCL, Mahul
RCF, Chembur
Oswal Petrochemicals, Mahul
BARC, Trombay
Tata Thermal Generating Station, Trombay
8. NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS (NGOS) AND VOLUNTARY AGENCIES
The non-governmental organisations and voluntary agencies play an important
role in disaster management and provide a strong band of committed volunteers
with experience in managing the disasters. Their strength lies in the choice
of their manpower, the informality in operations and flexibility in procedures.
These organisations enjoy a fair degree of autonomy and hence can respond to
changing needs immediately.
However, in order to maintain uniformity in operations and effective co-ordination,
it is desirable that they follow the standards of services (as given in the
Guidelines), information exchange and reporting so as to enable the Municipal
Commissioner to have a total picture of resource availability, disbursements
and requirements. NGOs therefore have been assigned specific tasks by the Municipal
Commissioner to undertake relief work within the overall institutional framework.
As and where possible, NGOs may also be able to improve the quality of delivery
of services. In addition, Mohalla Committees have been operating at the community
level, especially in times of emergencies like house collapses, fires, floods.
Such committees have been identified at the ward level.
Specific activities in which NGOs/Private Sector can be involved
during disaster management operations are :
· Search and rescue operations
· Information dissemination
· First aid
· Disposal of dead
· Damage assessment
· Management of information centres at temporary shelters
· Mobilisation and distribution of relief supplies including finances
· Manpower for community mobilisation, crowd control, rumour control,
traffic management
· Specialised services (psychiatric and mental health assistance)
· Management of transit camps
The following agencies will be associated with relief and rehabilitation activities.
Most of these agencies have the capacity to mobilise required resources and
have assisted the administration in the past in managing relief and rehabilitation
activities. These agencies include :
· Agriculture Produce Market Committee
· Bharat Sevashram
· CARE
· CARITAS
· CASA
· Indian Red Cross
· Mahalaxmi Trust
· Ramkrishna Mission
· Salvation Army
· Somaiya Trust
· Swami Narayan Trust
· Service Clubs of Rotary, Lions and Giants
· Tata Relief Committee
8.1 Encouraging Community Preparedness
Disasters may result in cutting off essential services and in spite of administrative
preparedness it may not be possible for the administration to reach out immediately.
Mitigation efforts and preparation of the disaster management action plan for
local areas are essential elements and pre-requisites. Preparedness to a large
extent would reduce the impact and the damage. Training and simulation exercises
for enhancing the community’s preparedness and response capability to
identified risks will simultaneously strengthen and enhance the capacity of
the administration to undertake necessary preparedness or evacuation measures.
The Corporation wants to encourage and support initiatives towards community
preparedness measures.
Private Sector units, NGOs and other organisations have been identified as
resource groups for involvement in community preparedness measures. These agencies
will be able to get the benefit of training for the same from the training activities
undertaken by YASHADA. These agencies are :
· Apnalaya
· AVEHI
· Bombay Environmental Action Group (BEAG)
· Foundation for Research in Community Health
· Jagruti Kendra
· Mohalla Committee Movement Trust
· Nirmala Niketan School of Social Work
· Parisar Asha
· Save Bombay Committee
· SIDDHI
· Slum Rehabilitation Society
· SPARC
· Tata Institute of Social Sciences
· YUVA
· YWCA
As a part of general preparedness at community level, the NGOs will make the
communities conscious about the type of hazard that the community faces. Thus
local disaster management action plans for hot-spot areas in the context of
specific vulnerability would be developed. For areas with high concentration
of industries particularly engaged in production, storage and transport of hazardous
materials, Mutual Aid and Resource Groups will be set-up.
8.2 Mutual Aid and Resource Groups (MARGs)
The objective of setting up MARGs is to
· Make the industrial zone self-sufficient
· Encourage pooling of resources to tackle industrial accidents
· Manage both on-site and off-site industrial accidents
· Provide for a degree of expertise in managing disasters
· Reduce the response time for managing disasters
· To integrate the on-site plan of industries with an off-site plan.
· Assist the Corporation in managing disasters
Private sector institutions which will be associated with the
task of undertaking training for member organisations include the following
· Bombay Chamber of Commerce and Industries
· Confederation of Indian Industries
· Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce
8.3 Areas of Community Participation
BMC and NGOs at the disaster site should ensure maximum community participation
in all stages of operation in order to maintain community morale and confidence,
maximise the use of local resources and promote a faster recovery. Disaster
management situations offers a wide range of choice and demands a immediate
decision making. The participation of communities and their representatives
would reduce the pressures on the field agencies with regard to the choice and
uncertainties of community’s response to the decisions.
Based on local dynamics, ethos and the experience of Mumbai, an appropriate
strategy to ensure community support has been evolved. Such efforts to enlist
community support and participation have gone a long way in reassuring the community
about the administration’s intent and seriousness about managing the disaster.
Efforts to enlist community participation is being ensured
by
· identifying situational, opinion and position leaders in the community
and voicing administration’s confidence in their capabilities to undertake
the tasks.
· Consultations and dialogues expressly indicating the need for assistance
would encourage the community and its leaders to come forward.
· Regular feedback meetings and an open book approach to demonstrate
transparency.
· Involving community in decision making at local levels
The major areas of community participation are being identified and include
the following :
8.3.1 During Evacuation
For appropriate security and law and order evacuation would be undertaken with
assistance from community leaders and community based organisations (CBOs).
The entire family would evacuate together as a unit. However, to avoid stampede
and confusion and in cases of inadequate transport or limited time, emergency
evacuation would be undertaken in the following order :
· seriously injured and sick
· children, women and handicapped
· Old
· Able-bodied
In case of evacuation, people would be advised to follow
these steps:
· Secure their homes/establishments. Close and lock doors and windows.
· Turn off the main water valve and electricity
· Leave early enough to avoid being trapped.
· Follow recommended evacuation routes. Not to take shortcuts. They may
be dangerous.
· Not to move into flooded areas because the authorities may have removed
the manholes for efficient drainage and the indicators may get shifted due to
water currents.
· Stay away from downed power lines.
8.3.2 During the Disaster
Community leaders could be given the responsibility for ensuring
the following community behaviour :
· People stay calm and panic behaviour is not encouraged. Regulate helter-skelter
running or crowding of people.
· Encourage people to stay at a secured place and protect themselves
from injuries.
· People do not enter damaged buildings or structures
· People do not touch electric poles, utility wires/cables
· People do not use telephones except in life-threatening situations
· Preparedness of community for recurrence of the disaster, increase
in severity, or consequential emergencies
· Check for injuries. Do not attempt to move seriously injured persons
unless they are in immediate danger of death or further injury.
· Undertake first-aid activities
· Visually inspect utility lines and appliances for damage.
· If water pipes are damaged, shut off the water supply at the main valve.
· People stay away from damaged areas, unless their assistance has been
specifically requested by police, fire or relief organizations.
· Mobilise people to put out small fires and people inside are made to
evacuate.
· Help police, if requested, to maintain law and order and watch the
evacuated property during the disaster
8.3.3 During Relief and Rehabilitation
Immediately after the disaster, the members of the community may look depressed
and helpless, but very soon gets euphoric when they find that after all everything
is not lost. Participation of community at this stage helps in early recovery
and promotes mental health. It is necessary to see that member of the community
are continuously engaged in some sort of helping activity to draw them out of
their depression.
Relief authorities at the site would therefore:
· Encourage self-help in every activity of their day-to-day living.
· Encourage assistance for identification of dead, disposal of dead bodies,
and disposal of damaged food stocks
· Encourage contribution of labour (loading, unloading, distribution,
temporary constructions, food distribution etc)
· Enlist assistance for updating records of damages and losses.
· Enlist assistance in maintenance of law and order
· Enlist assistance in maintaining sanitation standards and disposal
of waste
· Promote cultural and recreational activities in order to protect the
mental health
9. REPORTING FORMATS
The institutional arrangements would not be effective unless it is operationalised
through reporting formats. Such tools define the direction and the content of
information as also the source. The flow of information brings in the dimension
of accountability and the source provides the authenticity. Reporting formats
have been prepared for the various line departments. These will be consolidated
by the EOC/BMC control room depending on the nature and extent of the disaster
and forwarded to the Additional Chief Secretary (Home). These formats will also
be useful in monitoring the field situation.
9.1 Consolidated Report on the Status and Actions
taken
(to be compiled by EOC and forwarded to Additional Chief Secretary (Home))
Item of information
Details and Remarks
I. Status
i. Nature of event
ii. Estimates of number of locations affected and names of these locations
iia. Estimates of number of BEST routes affected and names of these routes
iii. Overall assessment of impact
· Estimated persons stranded/affected
· Number of persons needing evacuation from following locations
· Estimated loss of lives :
· Estimated number of injured :
· Names of roads blocked/congested :
· Estimated number of houses/structures/area damaged :
· Central Railway (Main line) services fully operational/completely
paralysed/sections paralysed from _______ to ________
· Central Railway (Harbour line) services fully operational/completely
paralysed/sections paralysed from _______ to ________
· Western Railway services fully operational/completely paralysed/sections
paralysed from _______ to ________
· Up-trains held up at the following stations :
· Number of down trains cancelled :
II. Damage to infrastructure
i. Road transport
ii. Power supply
iii. Water supply
iv. Telecommunication
v. Drainage systems
vi. Railway power supply
vii. Signalling system
viii. Railway tracks
ix. Hospitals
III. Actions Taken
i. Communications established with : · BMC
· Fire Brigade · Police · BEST ·
Civil Defence and Home Guards · District Control Rooms ·
Central Railway · Western Railway · Meterology Department,
Colaba · Government, Railway and BMC hospitals
IV. Immediate Assistance provided
i. Transport arrangements made for stranded passengers
:
· Number of BEST buses with capacity
· Number of private buses with capacity
· Number of additional trains (Central)
· Number of additional trains (Western)
· Number of BMC vehicles
· Number of police vehicles
· Number of MSRTC buses with capacity
ii. Transport arrangements yet to be made for stranded passengers at
the following locations :
iii. Rescue operations going on/completed :
iv. Number of stranded persons in temporary shelters :
v. Number of persons evacuated from following locations :
vi. Emergency water and food arranged at (location and number)
· Railway stations
· Bus stations
· Temporary shelters
· On-site
viA. Facilities provided to BMC for setting up emergency food and water
supply for stranded passengers at railway stations
vii. Fire fighting operations on/completed
viii. Number of fire tenders pressed into service :
ix. Injured shifted to hospitals at (names and number of people shifted,
for railway accidents)
x. Number of ambulances pressed into service :
xi. On-site emergency treatment organised
· Number of doctors
· Number of para-medicos
· Number of people treated
xii. Received at hospitals
· names of hospital
· number of people received
· Persons treated at OPD
· Persons admitted
· Deaths before admission
· Deaths after admission
xiii. Preventive measures undertaken :
xiv. Names of roads closed for traffic :
xv. Number of towing vehicles/cranes pressed into service :
xvi. Names of NGOs assisting at the site :
V. Public Information System Activated
i. Doordarshan
ii. AIR
iii. Cable TV
iv. Public address system at railway stations
v. Public address system at BEST depots
vi. Public address system at MSRTC depots
vii. Display boards positioned for traffic management at following locations
:
viii. On-site Information Centre established (for Fire Brigade)
VI. Immediate requirements
i. Assistance for search and rescue
ii. Food
iii. Water
iv. Medical assistance
v. Ambulances
vi. Fire Brigades
vii. Police
viii.. Transport
ix. Special drugs/medicines
x. Manpower
Name :
Designation :
Date :
Signature :
9.2 Status and Action taken Report for BMC
The BMC Control Room will send the Status and Action Taken Report on a continuous
basis to the Additional Chief Secretary and Emergency Operations Centre.
Item of information
Details and Remarks
I. Status
i. Nature of event
ii. Estimates of number of locations affected and names of these locations
iii. Overall assessment of impact :
· Estimated persons stranded/affected :
· Number of persons needing evacuation from following locations
· Estimated loss of lives :
· Estimated number of injured :
· Estimated number of houses/structures/area damaged :
II. Damage to infrastructure :
i. Road transport
ii. Power supply
iii. Water supply
iv. Telecommunication
v. Drainage systems
III. Actions Taken
i. Communications established with : · Fire Brigade
· Police · BEST · Civil Defence and Home Guards
· District Control Rooms · Central Railway ·
Western Railway · Meterology Department, Colaba ·
Government and BMC hospitals
IV. Immediate Assistance provided
i. Transport arrangements made for stranded passengers
:
· Number of private buses with capacity
· Number of BMC vehicles· Number of MSRTC buses with capacity
ii. Transport arrangements yet to be made for stranded passengers at
the following locations :
iii. Rescue operations going on/completed :
iv. Number of stranded persons in temporary shelters :
v. Number of persons evacuated from following locations :
vi. Emergency water and food arranged at (location and number)
· Railway stations
· Bus stations
· Temporary shelters
· On-site
vii. Names of NGOs assisting at the site :
V. Public Information System Activated
i. Doordarshan
ii. AIR
iii. Cable TV
iv. Public address system at MSRTC depots
v. Display boards positioned for traffic management at following locations
:
VI. Immediate requirements
i. Assistance for search and rescue
ii. Food
iii. Water
iv. Manpower
Name :
Designation :
Date :
Signature :
9.3 Status and Action taken Report for Police
The Police Control Room will send the Status and Action Taken Report on a continuous
basis to the Additional Chief Secretary and Emergency Operations Centre.
Item of information
Details and Remarks
I. Status
i. Nature of event
ii. Estimates of number of locations affected and names of these locations
iii. Overall assessment of impact : · Estimated loss of lives
: · Estimated number of injured : · Names of roads
blocked/congested
II. Actions Taken
i. Communications established with : · BMC
· Fire Brigade· BEST · Civil Defence and Home Guards
· District Control Rooms · Central Railway ·
Western Railway · Meteorology Department, Colaba ·
Government and BMC hospitals
III. Immediate Assistance provided
i. Transport arrangements made for stranded passengers
:
· Number of private buses with capacity
· Number of police vehicles
ii. Rescue operations going on/completed :
iii. Names of roads closed for traffic :
iv. Number of towing vehicles/cranes pressed into service :
IV. Public Information System Activated
i. Doordarshan
ii. AIR
iii. Cable TV
iv. Display boards positioned for traffic management at following locations
V. Immediate requirements
· Assistance for search and rescue · Ambulances
· Manpower
Name : Designation :
Date : Signature :
9.4 Status and Action taken Report for Fire Brigade
The Fire Brigade Control Room will send the Status and Action Taken Report on
a continuous basis to the Additional Chief Secretary and Emergency Operations
Centre.
Item of information
Details and Remarks
I. Status
i. Nature of event
ii. Estimates of number of locations affected and names of these locations
iii. Overall assessment of impact : · Number of persons needing
evacuation from following locations · Estimated loss of lives
: · Estimated number of injured : · Estimated number
of houses/structures/area damaged :
iv. Damage to infrastructure : · Power supply ·
Water supply
II. Actions Taken
i. Communications established with : · BMC·
Police · BEST · Civil Defence and Home Guards
· Government and BMC hospitals
III. Immediate Assistance provided
i. Fire fighting operations on/completed
ii. Number of fire tenders pressed into service :
iii. Rescue operations going on/completed :
iv. Number of persons evacuated from following locations :
v. Number of ambulances pressed into service :
IV. Public Information System Activated
On-site Information Centre established
V. Immediate requirements
i. Assistance for search and rescue
ii. Ambulances
iii. Manpower
Name :
Designation :
Date :
Signature :
9.5 Status and Action taken Report for BEST
The BEST Control Room will send the Status and Action Taken Report on a continuous
basis to the Additional Chief Secretary and Emergency Operations Centre.
Item of information
Details and Remarks
I. Status
i. Nature of event
ii. Estimates of number of routes affected and names of these routes
iii. Overall assessment of impact · Estimated persons stranded
· Names of roads blocked/congested
II. Actions Taken
i. Communications established with : · BMC
· Fire Brigade · Police · Central Railway
· Western Railway
III. Immediate Assistance provided
i. Transport arrangements made for stranded passengers :
· Number of BEST buses with capacity · Number of MSRTC
buses with capacity
IV. Public Information System Activated
i. Public address system at BEST depots
Name :
Designation :
Date :
Signature :
9.6 Status and Action taken Report for Central Railway and Western Railway
The Central Railway and Western Railway Control Room will send the Status and
Action Taken Report on a continuous basis to the ACS, Home and EOC.
Item of information
Details and Remarks
I. Status
i. Nature of event
ii. Estimates of number of locations affected and names of these locations
iii. Overall assessment of impact : · Estimated persons stranded/affected
: · Estimated loss of lives (only in case of railway accident):
· Estimated number of injured (only in case of railway accident)
: · Central Railway (Main line) services fully operational/completely
paralysed/sections paralysed from _______ to ________ · Central
Railway (Harbour line) services fully operational/completely paralysed/sections
paralysed from _______ to ________ · Western Railway services
fully operational/completely paralysed/sections paralysed from _______ to
________
II. Outstations train traffic
· i. Up-trains held up at the following stations :
· ii. Number of down trains cancelled :
III. Damage to infrastructure :
· i. Railway power supply · ii. Signalling
system · iii. Railway tracks
IV. Actions Taken
i. Communications established with :
· BMC
· Fire Brigade
· Police
· BEST
· Central Railway/Western Railway
· Meterology Department, Colaba
ii. Facilities for setting up emergency food and water supply for stranded
iii. Number of additional trains running
V. Public Information System Activated
i. Doordarshan
ii. AIR
iii. Cable TV
iv. Public address system at railway stations
VI. Immediate requirements
i. Assistance for search and rescue
ii. Medical assistance
iii. Ambulances
iv. Fire Brigades
v. Police
Name :
Designation :
Date :
Signature :
9.7 Status and Action taken Report for Medical Assistance
activities
The BMC Control Room will send the Status and Action Taken Report on a continuous
basis to the Additional Chief Secretary and Emergency Operations Centre.
Item of information
Details and Remarks
I. Status
i. Nature of event
ii. Estimates of number of locations affected and names of these locations
iii. Overall assessment of impact : · Estimated persons affected
: · Estimated loss of lives : · Estimated number of
injured :
II. Damage to infrastructure
i. Hospitals
ii. Power supply
III. Actions Taken
i. Communications established with : · Fire Brigade
· Police · Railway hospitals · Government and
BMC hospitals
IV. Immediate Assistance provided
i. On-site emergency treatment organised
· Number of doctors
· Number of para-medicos
· Number of people treated
ii. Received at hospitals
· names of hospital
· number of people received
· Persons treated at OPD
· Persons admitted· Deaths before admission
· Deaths after admission
iii. Number of ambulances pressed into service :
iv. Preventive measures undertaken :
V. Public Information System Activated
i. Doordarshan
ii. AIR
iii. Cable TV
VI. Immediate requirements
i. Special drugs/medicines
Name :
Designation :
Date :
Signature :
10. PLAN DISSEMINATION THROUGH COMMUNITY EDUCATION
For Greater Mumbai DMAP to be effective it must be disseminated
at three levels ;
· Central government departments, multilateral agencies (aid agencies),
defence services, state level officials
· To the municipal authorities, district authorities, government departments,
corporate sector, NGOs and other agencies and institutions within Greater Mumbai
and
· Through mass media to the general public.
The content of the plan should be explained through well designed and focussed
awareness programmes.
The responsibility for dissemination of the plan will be vested with Municipal
Commissioner, at BMC, as well as through awareness programmes organised by each
of the agencies participating in disaster management. The Municipal Commissioner
will also involve NGOs in preparing suitable public awareness material to be
distributed to the public.
The awareness programmes will be prepared in the local languages to ensure widespread
dissemination. Media will be extensively used for public awareness programmes.
These will include
Newspapers
TV
Local
cable networks
Radio
Publicity
material.
Schools, colleges and other public institutions will be specifically targetted.
In addition to dissemination of literature related to the DMAP, the Municipal
Commissioner will ensure that disaster response drills are conducted by the
ward officers and other agencies on a regular basis, especially in the disaster
prone areas to maintain the readiness of communities and departments, as regards
operational procedures, personnel and equipment and orderly response.
11. WARD LEVEL RESPONSE PLAN
This document forms a sub-part of Mumbai Disaster Management Plan prepared
for micro-level disaster management action plan at the ward level. When the
disaster situation is localised at ward level and can be managed locally, the
ward level plan will come into operation. However, a disaster situation may
cover a major part of the city which would call for co-ordination of activities
not only at the city level but also at specific ward level. Under such conditions,
the ward level plan in the affected wards would be in operation along with the
Mumbai Disaster Management Plan.
The response structure given in the ward plan essentially limits itself to
micro-level intervention. When more than one ward are affected, BMC control
room which is the co-ordinating authority, would expect the ward officers to
co-ordinate the activities at the ward level with the line agencies such as
Fire Brigade, Police etc., while the inter-ward co-ordination will be the responsibility
of BMC Control Room.
11.1 Responsibilities of Ward Officer on receipt of warning
or occurrence of disaster
On the receipt of warning or occurrence of the disaster, every Ward Officer
will be required to be in preparedness by undertaking the following :
· Establish a Ward Control Room with the following :
Direct telephone contact with BMC Control Room
A supervisor of the rank of S.E./J.E to be in-charge of control room.
Labourers from conservancy staff to be kept in readiness for undertaking any
emergency work
Required equipments such as :
· The ward officer will act as Site Officer responsible for co-ordination
of field activities of various line departments. The ward officer will also
be responsible for providing support to line agencies so as to enable them to
operate efficiently. As the Site Officer, he would be in constant touch with
BMC Control Room and the field officers from
Police (Law and Order) :
DCP/ACP
Police (Traffic) :
Divisional Police Inspector
Fire Brigade :
Station Officer
Railways
: Station Masters
BEST (Transport) :
Assistant Traffic Superintendent
BMC Hospitals :
Medical Officer casualty wards
MTNL :
Area Manager
BEST/BSES/TEC :
Station Engineer
Revenue, GOM :
Tehsildar rank/Collector
· The ward officer should ensure that all BMC officers on disaster duty
use the official shoulder bands with BMC emblem for easy identification.
· The ward officer will provide all information as given in the ward
plan to the field officers of the line departments.
· The ward officer will be directly responsible for the execution of
the following tasks through BMC staff :
rescue operations
during house collapses in co-ordination with fire brigade
ensure transport
of injured to hospitals on priority
transport
of dead to the hospitals/corpse disposal
anti-flooding operations
clearing of debris
salvage operations
clearing of uprooted
trees
repairs to damaged
roads, water supply and drainage
· The ward officer will provide and co-ordinate arrangements for
transportation/shifting
of stranded or affected persons through BMC vehicles, private vehicles and MSRTC
buses
temporary shelters with
emergency food and water.
issue of passes and identification
stickers for vehicles on relief duty
issue of passes and identity
cards to relief personnel including the persons from NGOs
[Requisitioning of private transport vehicles, temporary shelters can be done
through the Collectorate]
· The ward officer will ensure through the Medical Officer (Health)
Preventive medicine and anti-epidemic
actions
Providing special information
required regarding precautions for epidemics
Supervision of food, water
supplies, sanitation and disposal of waste
· Damage assessment will be carried out as per the pro forma
· The ward officer will enlist the support of NGOs and private sector
for response operations. The NGOs active in the ward along with their expected
role is given in the Annexure to each ward plan.
· The ward officer will report to BMC Control Room on the field activities
including deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and
communicate additional requirements.
· Set-up Information Centre at the site
11.2 Responsibilities of DCP/ACP on receipt of
warning or occurrence of disaster
The DCP’ office will be responsible for the following field
activities in co-ordination with the ward officer :
· Shifting of the injured to the hospitals on a priority and providing
bandobast for crowd control at the hospital
· Cordoning of area to restrict movement of on-lookers, vehicular and
pedestrian traffic.
· Guarding of property/valuables in affected area
· Providing easy access to rescue and relief personnel/vehicles
· Ensuring proper identification , inquest procedure and Corpse disposal
· Panchanamas will be prepared as per police procedure
· Crowd control especially outside Railway stations, bus stations and
schools
· Police bandobast near railway stations, bus stations and schools
· Extensive mobile patrolling
· Arrangements for transportation/shifting of stranded or affected persons
through police vehicles and private vehicles.
· Law and order and control of anti-social elements
· Use of public address system to provide information to the public.
Sign boards may be used to provide information and declare areas out of bounds.
· Enlist support of Mohalla Committees for maintaining peace and for
rumour control
· Information centre to organise sharing of information with mass media
and community
· Communicate to police control room details on the field activities
including deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate
nature of additional requirements.
11.3 Responsibilities of Divisional Police Inspector
(Traffic) on receipt of warning or occurrence of disaster
The Divisional Police Inspector (Traffic) in co-ordination with
the Ward Officer will be responsible for the following field activities :
· Control and monitor traffic
· Extensive patrolling especially covering railway stations, bus stations
and schools
· Diversion of traffic on alternate routes as and when necessary.
· Provide information about traffic flow along various corridors, especially
heavy traffic or congested roads
· Co-ordination with BEST to ensure additional buses are deployed along
desired routes
· Mobilising towing cranes and towing of stranded/breakdown or those
vehicles obstructing movements
· Use of P.A system to provide information and direction to the public
· Setting up of sign-boards and display boards at strategic locations
to give information regarding traffic movement
· Enlist support of RSP, NCC, NSS, NGOs and voluntary organisations for
traffic management
· Provide and co-ordinate arrangements for transportation/shifting of
stranded or affected persons through police vehicles and private vehicles.
· Communicate to traffic control room details on the field activities
including deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate
nature of additional requirements.
11.4 Responsibilities of Fire Brigade Station Officer
on receipt of warning or occurrence of disaster
The Fire Brigade Station Officer in co-ordination with the Ward
Officer will be responsible for the following field activities :
· Fire fighting operations in the affected area
· Rescue operations
· Transport of injured to the hospitals on a priority
· Evacuation of persons from the affected area
· Ensure safety from electrical installations or power supply at disaster
site
· Clearing of roads or pathways due to uprooted trees
· Salvage operations
· Co-ordinate with BMC for rescue operations in house collapses
· Communicate to fire brigade control room details on the field activities
including deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate
nature of additional requirements.
11.5 Responsibilities of Ward wise officer/Collector
on receipt of warning or occurrence of disaster
The Ward wise officer/Collector in co-ordination with the Ward
Officer will be responsible for the following field activities:
· Assessing the requirements for transit camps on the occurrence of
disaster
· Assisting the ward officer in requisitioning vehicles and temporary
shelters
· Setting up of transit camps and pandals for temporary accommodation.
· Arranging for food distribution
· Arrangements for dry rations and family kits for cooking
· Arrangements for clothing
· Providing gratuitous relief
· Enlist support of NGOs and private sector for resources and manpower
for transit camps
· Communicate to district control room details on the field activities
including deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate
nature of additional requirements.
11.6 Responsibilities of Medical Officer (Casualty)
on receipt of warning or occurrence of disaster
The Medical Officer (Casualty) in co-ordination with the Ward
Officer will be responsible for the following field activities:
· Providing emergency treatment for the seriously injured at the hospital
· Organising on-site treatment of injured with tagging and triage and
transfer of injured
· Emergency supplies of medicines and first-aid
· Post-mortem and corpse disposal
· Demarcate an area in the hospital for receiving patients, tagging and
triage
· If necessary, setting up poison centre within the hospital or at disaster
site
· Co-ordinate with blood banks for emergency supply of blood
· Setting up an information centre at the hospital
· Communicate to BMC control room details on the field activities including
deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate nature
of additional requirements.
11.7 Responsibilities of Railway Station Master
on receipt of warning or occurrence of disaster
The Railway Station Master in co-ordination with the Ward Officer
will ensure that the following field activities are undertaken:
· Crowd control through Railway Police
· Continuous updated information through public address system on
the running of trains
measures being undertaken
· Information on location of temporary shelters organised by BMC for
railway passengers
· Providing facilities at railway station to ward office for provision
of emergency food and water to passengers
· Monitoring level of water on the railway tracks and keep BMC Control
room informed.
· Co-ordinating with engineering branch staff posted at the flood prone
locations at railway tracks
· Co-ordination with ward officer regarding passenger data and alternate
transport
· In case of railway accidents:
Rescue and evacuation
Shifting of injured
to hospitals
Co-ordination with
railway hospitals, BMC hospitals and government hospitals
Provide information
on alternate travel arrangements for outstation passengers
· Communicate to Railway control room details on the field activities
including deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate
nature of additional requirements.
11.8 Responsibilities of BEST Assistant Traffic
Superintendent on receipt of warning or occurrence of disaster
The BEST Assistant Traffic Superintendent in co-ordination with
the Ward Officer will be responsible for the following field activities :
· Keep standby buses in readiness for deployment
· Co-ordination with Railway Station Master and Divisional Police Inspector
(Traffic) for information regarding traffic movement and passenger data
· Co-ordinate with MSRTC for transport arrangements of stranded passengers
· Deployment of additional buses along certain routes to clear passenger
traffic
· Diversion of routes if and when necessary
· Providing information to the public at bus depots regarding the cancellation,
re-routing, delays of buses, temporary shelter locations of BMC and the measures
being undertaken.
· Communicate to BEST control room details on the field activities including
deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate nature
of additional requirements.
11.9 Responsibilities of BEST/BSES/TEC Station Engineer
on receipt of warning or occurrence of disaster
The BEST/BSES/TEC station engineer in co-ordination with the Ward
Officer will be responsible for the following field activities :
· Cutting off power supply if necessary
· Alternative arrangements for power supply for lighting
· Illumination of affected area as well as the periphery
· Restoration of power supply
· Keeping emergency gangs in readiness for repair work
· Repairs to damaged power infrastructure
· Attending to calls of power breakdowns or short-circuits
· Co-ordinating with fire brigade in case of fires or short-circuiting
· Communicate with respective control rooms the details on the field
activities including deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and
communicate nature of additional requirements.
11.10 Responsibilities of MTNL Area Manager on receipt
of warning or occurrence of disaster
The MTNL Area in co-ordination with the Ward Officer will be responsible
for the following field activities :
· Restoration of telephone lines
· Keeping emergency gangs in readiness for repair work
· Repairs to telecommunication infrastructure
· Communicate with Head Office the details on the field activities including
deployment and reinforcements of staff and resources and communicate nature
of additional requirements.
Annexure I
Details of Receiving stations
Tata Hydro-Electric Power Supply Co. Ltd
List of Power Stations in Mumbai Corporation Area and Their Location