... Italian senior civil service is visible. Conversely, recent reforms of the Italian senior civil service are producing mechanisms of political control based on personalised trust and fiduciary relations between administrative and ...

... Italian senior civil service has always had the characteristics of a career-based system as promotions were linked to the length in office. However, major changes were implemented in 1998 and 2002 (Cassese, 2002). A new government can ...

... Italian senior civil service. By the early 1990s, eighty to ninety of the one hundred top-ranking officials in Italian civil service had either come from the south or attended school there. Although southerners comprised 34 percent of ...