Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	BrantfordMore information: Ontario [Census metropolitan area]
	Counts
	Total
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	144,162
Population, 2016¹	134,203
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.4
Total private dwellings²	58,047
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	56,003
Population density per square kilometre	134.2
Land area in square kilometres	1,074.00
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	144,160
0 to 14 years	24,675
0 to 4 years	7,595
5 to 9 years	8,380
10 to 14 years	8,695
15 to 64 years	91,645
15 to 19 years	8,260
20 to 24 years	8,300
25 to 29 years	9,065
30 to 34 years	9,325
35 to 39 years	9,470
40 to 44 years	9,040
45 to 49 years	8,835
50 to 54 years	9,005
55 to 59 years	10,400
60 to 64 years	9,935
65 years and over	27,840
65 to 69 years	8,745
70 to 74 years	7,330
75 to 79 years	4,915
80 to 84 years	3,255
85 years and over	3,595
85 to 89 years	2,095
90 to 94 years	1,135
95 to 99 years	320
100 years and over	40
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.1
15 to 64 years	63.6
65 years and over	19.3
85 years and over	2.5
Average age of the population	41.7
Median age of the population	41.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	56,000
Single-detached house	36,835
Semi-detached house	2,905
Row house	4,735
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,780
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,025
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,550
Other single-attached house	105
Movable dwelling⁴	70
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	56,005
1 person	14,380
2 persons	19,210
3 persons	9,005
4 persons	8,090
5 or more persons	5,320
Number of persons in private households	141,905
Average household size	2.5
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	119,485
Married or living common-law	68,385
Married	55,560
Living common-law	12,825
Living common law - Never married	8,720
Living common law - Separated	925
Living common law - Divorced	2,780
Living common law - Widowed	405
Not married and not living common-law	51,100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	32,110
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,130
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,490
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,375
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	41,205
2 persons	20,870
3 persons	8,925
4 persons	7,755
5 or more persons	3,645
Average size of census families	2.9
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	41,200
Total couple families	33,520
Married couples	27,110
With children⁶	14,360
Without children	12,750
Common-law couples	6,410
With children⁶	2,875
Without children	3,535
Total one-parent families	7,680
in which the parent is a woman+	5,935
in which the parent is a man+	1,740
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	141,910
Total - Persons in census families	119,250
Married spouses or common-law partners	67,050
Parents in one-parent families	7,680
Children⁶	44,525
In a two-parent family	32,410
In a one-parent family	12,110
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,655
Living alone	14,375
Living with other relatives⁷	3,385
Living with non-relatives only	4,890
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	56,000
One-census-family households without additional persons	35,260
Couple-family households	29,580
With children⁶	15,180
Without children	14,405
One-parent-family households	5,680
Multigenerational households⁸	2,160
Multiple-census-family households⁹	365
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,895
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,945
One-person households	14,375
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	117,255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	113,115
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	113,180
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,870
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,465
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,560
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	11,675
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,375
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	117,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	113,030
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	113,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,760
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,470
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,545
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	11,640
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,035
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	117,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,500
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,085
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,080
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	117,260
Without total income	4,145
With total income	113,115
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,300
$10,000 to $19,999	13,980
$20,000 to $29,999	18,070
$30,000 to $39,999	15,165
$40,000 to $49,999	13,270
$50,000 to $59,999	11,340
$60,000 to $69,999	8,780
$70,000 to $79,999	6,195
$80,000 to $89,999	4,685
$90,000 to $99,999	3,615
$100,000 and over	9,720
$100,000 to $149,999	7,155
$150,000 and over	2,570
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	117,260
Without after-tax income	4,080
With after-tax income	113,180
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,750
$10,000 to $19,999	14,500
$20,000 to $29,999	20,520
$30,000 to $39,999	17,850
$40,000 to $49,999	15,810
$50,000 to $59,999	11,860
$60,000 to $69,999	7,935
$70,000 to $79,999	5,525
$80,000 to $89,999	3,955
$90,000 to $99,999	2,215
$100,000 and over	4,265
$100,000 to $124,999	2,370
$125,000 and over	1,895
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	117,260
Without employment income	35,790
With employment income	81,470
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,155
$5,000 to $9,999	6,345
$10,000 to $19,999	9,915
$20,000 to $29,999	7,480
$30,000 to $39,999	7,480
$40,000 to $49,999	8,040
$50,000 to $59,999	7,130
$60,000 to $69,999	5,915
$70,000 to $79,999	4,220
$80,000 to $89,999	3,470
$90,000 to $99,999	3,000
$100,000 and over	7,320
$100,000 to $124,999	4,025
$125,000 and over	3,295
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	117,255
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,180
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	111,215
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,015
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,225
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,790
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	117,260
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,180
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	111,230
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,630
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,740
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,305
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,830
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	117,260
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	39,285
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,335
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8
Employment income (%)	71.4
Government transfers (%)	15.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	56,005
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,375
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	41,625
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	56,005
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,100
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,900
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,375
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,920
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,880
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	41,625
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,100
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,200
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	56,005
Under $5,000	345
$5,000 to $9,999	215
$10,000 to $14,999	535
$15,000 to $19,999	1,110
$20,000 to $24,999	1,940
$25,000 to $29,999	1,985
$30,000 to $34,999	1,725
$35,000 to $39,999	1,965
$40,000 to $44,999	2,155
$45,000 to $49,999	2,090
$50,000 to $59,999	4,145
$60,000 to $69,999	4,060
$70,000 to $79,999	3,730
$80,000 to $89,999	3,580
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435
$100,000 and over	22,985
$100,000 to $124,999	7,215
$125,000 to $149,999	5,315
$150,000 to $199,999	6,015
$200,000 and over	4,445
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	56,005
Under $5,000	410
$5,000 to $9,999	225
$10,000 to $14,999	540
$15,000 to $19,999	1,150
$20,000 to $24,999	2,055
$25,000 to $29,999	2,270
$30,000 to $34,999	1,990
$35,000 to $39,999	2,290
$40,000 to $44,999	2,585
$45,000 to $49,999	2,355
$50,000 to $59,999	4,860
$60,000 to $69,999	4,655
$70,000 to $79,999	4,505
$80,000 to $89,999	4,150
$90,000 to $99,999	3,805
$100,000 and over	18,150
$100,000 to $124,999	7,395
$125,000 to $149,999	4,535
$150,000 and over	6,215
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	40,230
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000
Average family size of economic families	3.1
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,675
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,445
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	6,935
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	19,265
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	40,215
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,900
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,800
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,700
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,500
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,400
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,495
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,600
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,700
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,930
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,100
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	19,270
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	141,905
0 to 17 years	29,645
0 to 5 years	9,270
18 to 64 years	86,070
65 years and over	26,185
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,360
0 to 17 years	3,240
0 to 5 years	1,160
18 to 64 years	7,075
65 years and over	3,040
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	12.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.2
65 years and over (%)	11.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	141,910
0 to 17 years	29,650
0 to 5 years	9,275
18 to 64 years	86,070
65 years and over	26,190
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,835
0 to 17 years	865
0 to 5 years	290
18 to 64 years	3,605
65 years and over	365
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	141,905
In bottom half of the distribution	71,405
In bottom decile	11,820
In second decile	14,040
In third decile	14,870
In fourth decile	15,535
In fifth decile	15,140
In top half of the distribution	70,505
In sixth decile	15,670
In seventh decile	15,210
In eighth decile	14,770
In ninth decile	14,485
In top decile	10,360
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	141,910
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.301
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.425
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.265
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	142,735
English only	135,140
French only	30
English and French	6,445
Neither English nor French	1,125
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	142,735
English	140,175
French	1,230
English and French	250
Neither English nor French	1,090
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	142,735
Single responses	139,775
Official languages	123,530
English	122,270
French	1,260
Non-official languages	16,240
Indigenous languages³⁹	50
Algonquian languages	15
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	35
Cayuga	20
Mohawk	15
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,195
Afro-Asiatic languages	670
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	5
Hausa	5
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	15
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	650
Amharic	10
Arabic	550
Aramaic languages	35
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	10
Maltese	40
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	740
Khmer (Cambodian)	40
Vietnamese	695
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	740
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	15
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	15
Ilocano	50
Indonesian	20
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	600
Waray-Waray	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	35
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10
Dravidian languages	340
Kannada	5
Malayalam	140
Tamil	130
Telugu	65
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	12,025
Albanian	60
Armenian	20
Balto-Slavic languages	2,505
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	10
Lithuanian	10
Slavic languages	2,485
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	25
Czech	50
Macedonian	15
Polish	1,580
Russian	205
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	305
Bosnian	30
Croatian	140
Serbian	130
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5
Slovak	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	25
Ukrainian	210
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	5
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	1,550
Frisian	20
High German languages	565
German	545
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	20
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	930
Afrikaans	40
Dutch	845
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	10
Plautdietsch	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	30
Scandinavian languages	40
Danish	20
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	10
Swedish	10
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	140
Indo-Iranian languages	4,630
Indo-Aryan languages	4,450
Assamese	0
Bengali	115
Gujarati	510
Hindi	390
Kacchi	5
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	5
Marathi	35
Nepali	155
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,515
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45
Urdu	640
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	185
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	5
Parsi	0
Pashto	25
Persian languages	160
Dari	85
Iranian Persian	55
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,120
Catalan	0
Italian	1,095
Portuguese	915
Romanian	160
Spanish	945
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	45
Korean	180
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	215
Akan (Twi)	45
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	5
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	25
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	20
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	60
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	5
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	35
American Sign Language	30
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	580
Chinese languages	565
Hakka	5
Mandarin	355
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	185
Chinese, n.o.s.	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15
Burmese	10
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	65
Lao	50
Thai	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	45
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	30
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	470
Estonian	15
Finnish	20
Hungarian	435
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,965
English and French	490
English and non-official language(s)	2,200
French and non-official language(s)	45
English, French and non-official language(s)	40
Multiple non-official languages	185
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	142,735
English	125,850
French	185
Non-official language	3,945
Indigenous³⁹	5
Non-Indigenous	3,940
English and French	980
English and non-official language(s)	11,150
French and non-official language(s)	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	330
Multiple non-official languages	280
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	142,735
Single responses	140,025
Official languages	132,090
English	131,810
French	280
Non-official languages	7,930
Indigenous languages³⁹	5
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	5
Cayuga	0
Mohawk	5
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	355
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	10
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	345
Amharic	5
Arabic	310
Aramaic languages	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	0
Maltese	5
Tigrigna	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	545
Khmer (Cambodian)	25
Vietnamese	520
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	365
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5
Cebuano	5
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	5
Ilocano	20
Indonesian	10
Kankanaey	5
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	310
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	15
Haitian Creole	5
Jamaican English Creole	0
Krio	0
Morisyen	5
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5
Dravidian languages	205
Kannada	5
Malayalam	90
Tamil	70
Telugu	50
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	5,595
Albanian	20
Armenian	5
Balto-Slavic languages	940
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	935
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	5
Czech	20
Macedonian	0
Polish	645
Russian	115
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	80
Bosnian	10
Croatian	25
Serbian	40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	20
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	50
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Irish	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	140
Frisian	0
High German languages	55
German	50
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85
Afrikaans	20
Dutch	60
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	55
Indo-Iranian languages	3,360
Indo-Aryan languages	3,265
Assamese	0
Bengali	55
Gujarati	355
Hindi	275
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	15
Nepali	125
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,985
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25
Urdu	420
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	95
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	5
Persian languages	90
Dari	40
Iranian Persian	35
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,070
Catalan	0
Italian	245
Portuguese	300
Romanian	55
Spanish	470
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	35
Korean	120
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	80
Akan (Twi)	20
Bamanankan	0
Edo	0
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	5
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	10
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	30
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	65
American Sign Language	35
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	390
Chinese languages	385
Hakka	0
Mandarin	260
Min Dong	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	110
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10
Burmese	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	40
Lao	25
Thai	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	20
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	15
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	95
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	90
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	2,715
English and French	155
English and non-official language(s)	2,490
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	25
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	142,735
None	132,245
English	3,265
French	815
Non-official language	5,150
Indigenous³⁹	75
Non-Indigenous	5,075
English and French	30
English and non-official language(s)	525
French and non-official language(s)	170
English, French and non-official language(s)	5
Multiple non-official languages	530
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	141,905
Official languages	140,785
English	140,755
French	6,375
Non-official languages	22,065
Indigenous languages³⁹	240
Algonquian languages	60
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	40
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	40
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	25
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	25
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0
Tahltan	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	160
Cayuga	105
Mohawk	60
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,845
Afro-Asiatic languages	945
Berber languages	15
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Hausa	0
Mina	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	25
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	925
Amharic	10
Arabic	830
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Harari	0
Hebrew	40
Maltese	45
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	955
Khmer (Cambodian)	80
Vietnamese	910
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0
Austronesian languages	1,060
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35
Cebuano	60
Fijian	0
Hiligaynon	35
Ilocano	75
Indonesian	40
Kankanaey	0
Kinaray-a	0
Malagasy languages	0
Merina	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0
Malay	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	975
Waray-Waray	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35
Creole languages	180
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	25
Krio	0
Morisyen	15
Sango	0
Creole, n.o.s.	100
Creole languages, n.i.e.	40
Dravidian languages	370
Kannada	25
Malayalam	155
Tamil	125
Telugu	120
Tulu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0
Indo-European languages	16,175
Albanian	40
Armenian	30
Balto-Slavic languages	3,045
Baltic languages	20
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	15
Slavic languages	3,035
Belarusian	0
Bulgarian	60
Czech	60
Macedonian	0
Polish	1,835
Russian	380
Rusyn	0
Serbo-Croatian	435
Bosnian	50
Croatian	290
Serbian	165
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	55
Slovak	95
Slovene (Slovenian)	20
Ukrainian	360
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	25
Irish	10
Scottish Gaelic	10
Welsh	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	2,115
Frisian	35
High German languages	910
German	910
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	15
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,190
Afrikaans	100
Dutch	1,000
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	20
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	75
Scandinavian languages	55
Danish	30
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	215
Indo-Iranian languages	6,185
Indo-Aryan languages	5,990
Assamese	0
Bengali	175
Gujarati	755
Hindi	2,330
Kacchi	0
Kashmiri	0
Konkani	0
Marathi	115
Nepali	200
Oriya languages	0
Odia	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,685
Rohingya	0
Sindhi	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60
Urdu	985
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25
Iranian languages	240
Baluchi	0
Kurdish	0
Parsi	0
Pashto	55
Persian languages	175
Dari	95
Iranian Persian	60
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,805
Catalan	0
Italian	1,605
Portuguese	1,360
Romanian	220
Spanish	1,880
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15
Japanese	55
Korean	290
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	695
Akan (Twi)	115
Bamanankan	0
Edo	20
Éwé	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Gikuyu	0
Igbo	30
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15
Lingala	0
Luba-Kasai	0
Mòoré	0
Mwani	0
Ndebele	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	45
Soninke	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0
Swahili	150
Wojenaka	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	255
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	85
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nuer	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
African, n.o.s.	0
Sign languages	260
American Sign Language	195
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75
Sino-Tibetan languages	655
Chinese languages	620
Hakka	0
Mandarin	470
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	190
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40
Burmese	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	60
Lao	50
Thai	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	95
Azerbaijani	0
Kazakh	0
Turkish	55
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	45
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	615
Estonian	10
Finnish	30
Hungarian	570
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,910
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,340
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,100
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,945
Métis	1,115
Inuk (Inuit)	35
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	195
Non-Indigenous identity	135,570
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	141,910
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,550
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	138,360
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	56,005
Owner	40,075
Renter	15,930
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	56,005
Condominium	4,625
Not condominium	51,380
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	56,005
No bedrooms	210
1 bedroom	5,290
2 bedrooms	11,860
3 bedrooms	23,600
4 or more bedrooms	15,040
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	56,005
1 to 4 rooms	10,490
5 rooms	7,735
6 rooms	8,850
7 rooms	8,650
8 or more rooms	20,275
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	56,005
One person or fewer per room	55,265
More than one person per room	740
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	56,005
Suitable	53,400
Not suitable	2,605
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	56,005
1960 or before	18,305
1961 to 1980	15,055
1981 to 1990	5,725
1991 to 2000	5,295
2001 to 2005	3,200
2006 to 2010	2,720
2011 to 2015	2,365
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,340
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	56,005
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	52,700
Major repairs needed	3,300
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	56,005
One-maintainer household	27,050
Two-maintainer household	26,315
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,640
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	56,005
15 to 24 years	1,095
25 to 34 years	7,110
35 to 44 years	9,585
45 to 54 years	9,950
55 to 64 years	11,710
65 to 74 years	9,565
75 to 84 years	5,110
85 years and over	1,880
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	55,385
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	44,045
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,345
30% to less than 100%	10,520
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	56,005
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,660
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,025
Not suitable only	1,970
Major repairs needed only	2,125
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	365
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	905
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	225
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	50
Acceptable housing	40,345
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	54,565
In core need	5,190
Not in core need	49,380
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	39,615
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.2
% in core housing need⁶³	3.9
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,464
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	649,000
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,895
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.4
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.6
% in core housing need⁶³	23.7
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,130
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,198
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	141,905
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,665
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,650
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,470
Métis single ancestry	165
Inuit single ancestry	15
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,920
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,830
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,920
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	865
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	134,325
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	141,905
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	135,695
Canadian citizens aged under 18	28,880
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	106,815
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,210
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	141,905
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	120,245
Immigrants⁸¹	20,230
Before 1980	6,880
1980 to 1990	2,580
1991 to 2000	3,030
2001 to 2010	3,590
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,155
2011 to 2015	1,885
2016 to 2021	2,270
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,435
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	20,235
Under 5 years	2,375
5 to 14 years	4,300
15 to 24 years	4,450
25 to 44 years	7,655
45 years and over	1,450
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	20,235
Americas	3,205
Brazil	95
Colombia	195
El Salvador	115
Guyana	180
Haiti	0
Jamaica	750
Mexico	125
Peru	35
Trinidad and Tobago	215
United States of America	885
Other places of birth in Americas	620
Europe	8,720
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60
Croatia	130
France	65
Germany	500
Greece	70
Hungary	255
Italy	800
Netherlands	855
Poland	1,200
Portugal	660
Romania	195
Russian Federation	90
Serbia⁸⁶	110
Ukraine	85
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,930
Other places of birth in Europe	725
Africa	1,030
Algeria	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Egypt	60
Eritrea	10
Ethiopia	10
Morocco	15
Nigeria	310
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	80
Other places of birth in Africa	525
Asia	7,190
Afghanistan	70
Iran⁸⁸	70
Iraq	125
Lebanon	110
Syria⁸⁹	125
Turkey	15
China⁹⁰	370
Hong Kong⁹¹	35
Korea, South⁹²	220
Taiwan	35
Philippines	975
Viet Nam	655
Bangladesh	105
India	2,855
Pakistan	645
Sri Lanka	90
Other places of birth in Asia	690
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	90
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,265
Americas	410
Brazil	30
Colombia	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	100
Mexico	15
United States of America	120
Venezuela⁹⁵	35
Other places of birth in Americas	105
Europe	140
France	0
Germany	15
Ireland⁹⁶	15
Italy	0
Russian Federation	0
Ukraine	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30
Other places of birth in Europe	60
Africa	265
Algeria	0
Burundi	0
Cameroon	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0
Egypt	0
Eritrea	0
Ethiopia	0
Morocco	0
Nigeria	175
Somalia	0
South Africa, Republic of	15
Sudan⁹⁷	20
Tunisia	0
Other places of birth in Africa	40
Asia	1,440
Afghanistan	10
Bangladesh	10
China⁹⁰	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	0
India	660
Iran⁸⁸	0
Iraq	0
Israel	10
Japan	0
Jordan	15
Korea, South⁹²	30
Lebanon	0
Nepal	0
Pakistan	170
Philippines	130
Saudi Arabia	20
Sri Lanka	0
Syria⁸⁹	105
Turkey	0
United Arab Emirates	15
Viet Nam	125
Other places of birth in Asia	60
Oceania and other⁹³	15
Australia	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	141,905
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,695
Second generation¹⁰¹	26,500
Third generation or more¹⁰²	92,710
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	13,360
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,620
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,180
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,445
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,470
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,145
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	120
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	13,360
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	760
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,355
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	245
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	545
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	10,335
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	141,910
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	18,375
South Asian	7,065
Chinese	780
Black	4,215
Filipino	1,385
Arab	740
Latin American	1,110
Southeast Asian	1,225
West Asian	290
Korean	340
Japanese	95
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	430
Multiple visible minorities	700
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	123,535
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	141,905
Canadian	24,375
English	39,465
Irish	25,635
Scottish	29,650
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,575
German	15,745
Chinese	1,085
Italian	8,015
Indian (India)	4,165
Ukrainian	4,625
Dutch	10,350
Polish	7,275
Québécois	280
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,870
Filipino	1,330
French Canadian	1,595
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,560
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,990
Métis	1,125
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,050
Russian	1,030
Norwegian	865
Welsh	2,795
Portuguese	2,890
American	1,560
Spanish	795
Swedish	725
Hungarian	4,300
Acadian	350
Pakistani	905
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	905
Jewish	410
Punjabi	1,055
Vietnamese	965
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	310
Greek	860
Jamaican	1,310
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	290
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	160
Korean	345
Romanian	675
Lebanese	220
Iranian	130
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	400
Danish	575
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,030
Sikh	675
Austrian	645
Belgian	1,240
Haitian	50
Hindu	220
Mexican	285
Mennonite	215
Swiss	495
Finnish	475
Sri Lankan	95
Croatian	630
Japanese	140
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	220
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	290
Muslim	175
Egyptian	155
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	245
Tamil	30
Icelandic	65
Colombian	280
Moroccan	30
Czech	425
Syrian	175
Guyanese	245
Afghan	180
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	235
Serbian	325
Ojibway	390
Newfoundlander	425
Hong Konger	0
Ontarian	855
Persian	75
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	310
Turkish	95
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100
Bangladeshi	90
Algerian	15
Brazilian	205
Nigerian	315
Armenian	260
Slovak	340
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	160
Somali	0
Taiwanese	25
Iraqi	125
Salvadorean	185
African Caribbean	185
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	115
Algonquin	45
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	130
Lithuanian	245
South African	170
Australian	170
Palestinian	200
Chilean	80
Congolese	20
Nova Scotian	145
Ethiopian	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	65
Peruvian	40
Yoruba	230
Cambodian (Khmer)	120
Berber	0
Albanian	75
Maltese	490
Macedonian	60
Slovenian	180
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	95
New Brunswicker	50
Gujarati	50
Eritrean	0
African Canadian	185
Israeli	25
Mohawk	800
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	230
Bulgarian	85
Albertan	0
Ghanaian	225
Barbadian	145
African American	165
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	210
Tunisian	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90
Cuban	65
Bosnian	70
Venezuelan	150
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20
Latvian	65
Bengali	35
Cameroonian	30
Guatemalan	75
Indonesian	55
Laotian	95
Ilocano	15
Northern Irish	110
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	110
British Columbian	0
Ecuadorian	50
Franco Ontarian	35
Argentinian	60
Estonian	80
Kurdish	0
Fijian	0
Jatt	170
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	185
Coptic	0
Thai	25
Dominican	20
Nepali	145
Kabyle	0
Assyrian	0
Igbo	0
Byelorussian	55
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10
Abenaki	0
Moldovan	40
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	290
New Zealander	60
Sudanese	105
Breton	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	295
Malaysian	0
Plains Cree	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0
Huron (Wendat)	0
Saskatchewanian	15
Buddhist	50
Gaspesian	0
Norman	30
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20
Ivorian	0
Saulteaux	20
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	60
Burundian	0
Tigrinya	0
Nicaraguan	70
Mauritian	0
Kenyan	30
Oji-Cree	0
Vincentian	30
Jordanian	10
Manitoban	15
Cape Bretoner	75
Rwandan	15
Grenadian	90
Malayali	0
Chaldean	0
Sinhalese	30
Mayan	15
Honduran	30
Cherokee	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20
Indo-Caribbean	45
Flemish	90
United Empire Loyalist	70
Senegalese	0
Azerbaijani	0
Sicilian	70
Pashtun	0
Malay	35
Goan	15
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0
Tibetan	0
Zimbabwean	75
Burmese	10
Mongolian	85
Azorean	125
Atikamekw	0
Bamileke	0
Indo-Guyanese	30
Ugandan	15
Oromo	0
Tanzanian	40
Yemeni	0
Central African	0
Libyan	0
Basque	10
Uruguayan	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0
Igorot	0
Fulani	0
Woodland Cree	0
Guinean	0
St. Lucian	30
Prince Edward Islander	10
Maliseet	0
Beninese	20
Telugu	0
Roma	15
Costa Rican	25
African Nova Scotian	0
Malagasy	0
Kashmiri	0
Singaporean	0
Karen	0
Edo	40
Tajik	0
Amhara	0
Paraguayan	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	141,910
Buddhist	545
Christian	75,965
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,390
Anabaptist	205
Anglican	7,945
Baptist	3,865
Catholic	31,130
Christian Orthodox	975
Jehovah's Witness	665
Latter Day Saints	260
Lutheran	950
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	405
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,195
Presbyterian	2,530
Reformed	1,650
United Church	8,030
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,780
Hindu	1,895
Jewish	175
Muslim	2,470
Sikh	3,065
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	335
Other religions and spiritual traditions	845
No religion and secular perspectives	56,605
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	140,520
Non-movers	123,870
Movers	16,650
Non-migrants	7,295
Migrants	9,350
Internal migrants	8,925
Intraprovincial migrants	8,595
Interprovincial migrants	330
External migrants	430
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	134,315
Non-movers	83,350
Movers	50,965
Non-migrants	19,860
Migrants	31,105
Internal migrants	28,195
Intraprovincial migrants	26,810
Interprovincial migrants	1,385
External migrants	2,910
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	117,260
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	24,325
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	92,935
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,615
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,730
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	64,885
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	117,260
No certificate, diploma or degree	21,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	36,890
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,695
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,760
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,570
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,370
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,200
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,220
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,965
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,935
Bachelor's degree	14,510
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,200
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	415
Master's degree	3,395
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	420
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	74,615
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,325
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	22,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,250
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,855
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,010
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,135
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,520
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,320
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,395
Bachelor's degree	11,135
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	940
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295
Master's degree	2,715
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	310
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	117,255
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	58,560
Education	3,245
13. Education	3,245
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,120
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	305
50. Visual and performing arts	1,810
Humanities	3,355
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215
23. English language and literature/letters	720
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,000
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80
38. Philosophy and religious studies	255
39. Theology and religious vocations	420
54. History	535
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	145
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,935
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	740
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,880
22. Legal professions and studies	825
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	185
42. Psychology	910
45. Social sciences	2,350
Business, management and public administration	10,750
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,490
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,235
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,935
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	715
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	470
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30
40. Physical sciences	535
41. Science technologies/technicians	175
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,700
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,325
25. Library science	100
27. Mathematics and statistics	245
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,130
04. Architecture and related services	365
14. Engineering	1,510
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	2,150
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,945
48. Precision production	2,050
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,560
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,155
03. Natural resources and conservation	405
Health and related fields	10,485
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,095
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,240
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,450
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,040
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	1,600
49. Transportation and materials moving	775
Other¹⁷⁹	45
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	74,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,370
Education	2,300
13. Education	2,300
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,600
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	195
50. Visual and performing arts	1,410
Humanities	2,430
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155
23. English language and literature/letters	515
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	790
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175
39. Theology and religious vocations	230
54. History	425
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	90
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,335
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	625
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,500
22. Legal professions and studies	635
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	130
42. Psychology	660
45. Social sciences	1,740
Business, management and public administration	8,210
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,195
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,000
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,380
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	545
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	350
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25
40. Physical sciences	370
41. Science technologies/technicians	90
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,395
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,140
25. Library science	75
27. Mathematics and statistics	165
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,935
04. Architecture and related services	285
14. Engineering	1,200
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,355
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0
46. Construction trades	1,575
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,135
48. Precision production	1,385
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	800
03. Natural resources and conservation	310
Health and related fields	7,910
30.37 Design for human health	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	850
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,955
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,605
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,560
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20
43. Security and protective services	1,400
49. Transportation and materials moving	610
Other¹⁷⁹	35
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	74,620
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	44,250
Location of study inside Canada	39,240
Same as province or territory of residence	37,950
Different than province or territory of residence	1,290
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,010
Americas	1,185
United States of America	815
Mexico	30
Cuba	0
Haiti	0
Jamaica	55
Brazil	65
Colombia	90
Peru	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	20
Other locations of study in Americas	95
Europe	1,110
Belgium	10
France	45
Germany	45
Netherlands	70
Switzerland	0
Hungary	20
Moldova¹⁸³	0
Poland	165
Romania	65
Russian Federation	45
Ukraine	50
Ireland⁹⁶	30
United Kingdom⁸⁷	405
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0
Italy	15
Serbia⁸⁶	20
Other locations of study in Europe	120
Africa	265
Nigeria	120
Algeria	0
Morocco	10
Tunisia	0
Egypt	25
South Africa, Republic of	25
Other locations of study in Africa	80
Asia	2,295
Iran⁸⁸	10
Iraq	40
Israel	0
Lebanon	0
Syria⁸⁹	10
Turkey	10
China⁹⁰	125
Taiwan	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	10
Japan	0
Korea, South⁹²	40
Philippines	375
Viet Nam	40
Bangladesh	45
Sri Lanka	20
India	1,295
Pakistan	190
Other locations of study in Asia	60
Oceania	155
Australia	135
New Zealand	20
Other locations of study in Oceania	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	117,260
In the labour force	73,310
Employed	64,980
Unemployed	8,330
Not in the labour force	43,945
Participation rate	62.5
Employment rate	55.4
Unemployment rate	11.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	117,255
Did not work¹⁸⁶	43,890
Worked	73,375
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	40,400
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,975
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	73,310
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,625
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	71,690
Employee	62,495
Permanent position	54,710
Temporary position	7,785
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,270
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,515
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,195
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	73,310
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,625
All occupations¹⁹¹	71,690
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	685
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,555
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,935
3 Health occupations	5,335
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,695
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,570
6 Sales and service occupations	17,450
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,965
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,120
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,385
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	73,310
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,625
All industries¹⁹¹	71,690
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,595
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	130
22 Utilities	435
23 Construction	5,955
31-33 Manufacturing	12,370
41 Wholesale trade	2,815
44-45 Retail trade	7,965
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,735
51 Information and cultural industries	785
52 Finance and insurance	1,965
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,135
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,595
55 Management of companies and enterprises	110
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,385
61 Educational services	5,020
62 Health care and social assistance	8,720
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,150
72 Accommodation and food services	3,970
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,040
91 Public administration	2,820
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	78,545
English	76,685
French	125
Non-official language	105
Indigenous³⁹	0
Non-Indigenous	105
English and French	575
English and non-official language(s)	1,030
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25
Multiple non-official languages	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	78,545
Single responses	78,230
Official languages	77,980
English	77,775
French	210
Non-official languages	250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0
Algonquian languages	0
Blackfoot	0
Cree-Innu languages	0
Atikamekw	0
Cree languages	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0
Naskapi	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0
Mi'kmaq	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0
Oji-Cree	0
Ojibway languages	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0
Athabaskan languages	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0
Gwich'in	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0
Tahltan languages	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0
Tutchone languages	0
Northern Tutchone	0
Southern Tutchone	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0
Tlingit	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0
Haida	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0
Inuinnaqtun	0
Inuvialuktun	0
Inuktitut	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0
Iroquoian languages	0
Mohawk	0
Oneida	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0
Michif	0
Salish languages	0
Halkomelem	0
Lillooet	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0
Squamish	0
Straits	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0
Siouan languages	0
Assiniboine	0
Dakota	0
Stoney	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tsimshian languages	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0
Nisga'a	0
Tsimshian	0
Wakashan languages	0
Haisla	0
Heiltsuk	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0
Non-Indigenous languages	250
Afro-Asiatic languages	10
Berber languages	0
Kabyle	0
Tamazight	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0
Chadic languages	0
Coptic	0
Cushitic languages	0
Bilen	0
Oromo	0
Somali	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Semitic languages	10
Amharic	0
Arabic	10
Aramaic languages	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0
Hebrew	0
Tigrigna	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0
Vietnamese	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0
Austronesian languages	20
Bikol	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0
Cebuano	0
Hiligaynon	0
Ilocano	0
Indonesian	0
Kankanaey	0
Malagasy languages	0
Malay	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0
Pangasinan	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0
Creole languages	0
Haitian Creole	0
Jamaican English Creole	0
Morisyen	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0
Dravidian languages	0
Kannada	0
Malayalam	0
Tamil	0
Telugu	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0
Georgian	0
Indo-European languages	160
Albanian	0
Armenian	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15
Baltic languages	0
Latvian	0
Lithuanian	0
Slavic languages	15
Bulgarian	0
Czech	0
Macedonian	0
Polish	15
Russian	0
Serbo-Croatian	0
Bosnian	0
Croatian	0
Serbian	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0
Slovak	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0
Ukrainian	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0
Celtic languages	0
Scottish Gaelic	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0
Germanic languages	30
Frisian	0
High German languages	0
German	0
Pennsylvania German	0
Swiss German	0
Yiddish	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25
Afrikaans	0
Dutch	25
Low German, n.o.s.	0
Low Saxon	0
Plautdietsch	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0
Scandinavian languages	0
Danish	0
Icelandic	0
Norwegian	0
Swedish	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0
Greek	0
Indo-Iranian languages	85
Indo-Aryan languages	85
Bengali	0
Gujarati	0
Hindi	0
Kacchi	0
Marathi	0
Nepali	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80
Sindhi	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0
Urdu	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0
Iranian languages	0
Kurdish	0
Pashto	0
Persian languages	0
Dari	0
Iranian Persian	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35
Catalan	0
Italian	0
Portuguese	0
Romanian	0
Spanish	25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0
Japanese	0
Korean	0
Mongolian	0
Niger-Congo languages	0
Akan (Twi)	0
Edo	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0
Ga	0
Ganda	0
Igbo	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0
Lingala	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0
Shona	0
Swahili	0
Wolof	0
Yoruba	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0
Dinka	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0
Sign languages	25
American Sign Language	25
Quebec Sign Language	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25
Chinese languages	25
Hakka	0
Mandarin	20
Min Dong	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0
Burmese	0
Karenic languages	0
S'gaw Karen	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0
Tibetan	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0
Lao	0
Thai	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0
Turkic languages	0
Azerbaijani	0
Turkish	0
Uyghur	0
Uzbek	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0
Uralic languages	0
Estonian	0
Finnish	0
Hungarian	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0
Multiple responses	310
English and French	105
English and non-official language(s)	205
French and non-official language(s)	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	78,545
None	77,190
English	215
French	395
Non-official language	615
Indigenous³⁹	10
Non-Indigenous	605
English and French	0
English and non-official language(s)	0
French and non-official language(s)	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0
Multiple non-official languages	100
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	64,980
Worked at home	11,775
Worked outside Canada	185
No fixed workplace address	7,935
Usual place of work	45,085
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	45,085
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	23,995
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,660
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	14,370
Commute to a different province or territory	70
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	53,025
Car, truck or van	48,975
Car, truck or van - as a driver	44,890
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,085
Public transit	1,240
Walked	1,815
Bicycle	185
Other method	820
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	53,025
Less than 15 minutes	19,740
15 to 29 minutes	16,055
30 to 44 minutes	9,055
45 to 59 minutes	4,210
60 minutes and over	3,970
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	53,025
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,305
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	11,575
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,325
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,165
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,085
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,570
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	30,210
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,025
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	28,185
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	22,020
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,520
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	890
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	630
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,500

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed May 17, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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