The Psychiatry PortalPsychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of deleterious mental conditions. These include various matters related to mood, behaviour, cognition, perceptions, and emotions. Initial psychiatric assessment of a person begins with creating a case history and conducting a mental status examination. Physical examinations, psychological tests, and laboratory tests may be conducted. On occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological studies are performed. Mental disorders are diagnosed in accordance with diagnostic manuals such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), edited by the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). The fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5), published in May 2013, reorganized the categories of disorders and added newer information and insights consistent with current research. Treatment may include psychotropics (psychiatric medicines) and psychotherapy, and also other modalities such as assertive community treatment, community reinforcement, substance-abuse treatment, and supported employment. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or risk to the individual or community. Research within psychiatry is conducted on an interdisciplinary basis with other professionals, such as epidemiologists, nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, and clinical psychologists. (Full article...) Selected articleDifferences with other newer antidepressants are subtle and mostly confined to side effects. Evidence suggests that sertraline may work better than fluoxetine (Prozac) for some subtypes of depression. Treatment of panic disorder with sertraline results in a decrease of the number of panic attacks and an improved quality of life. For obsessive-compulsive disorder, sertraline is not as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); the best results have been achieved by combining CBT with an SSRI. Sertraline is also effective for the treatment of social phobia and posttraumatic stress disorder. (Full article...) Selected imageA human skull mapped according to phrenology (1883), early precursor to modern psychiatry and neuroscience, now considered a pseudoscience image credit: public domain
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