Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024

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Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024
A detailed map of combined day 1 Storm Prediction Center convective outlooks, tornado warnings, and confirmed tornadoes during the May 6–10, 2024 tornado outbreak
Map of tornado warnings and confirmed tornadoes from the outbreak
Meteorological history
DurationMay 6–10, 2024
Tornado outbreak
Tornadoes133
Maximum ratingEF4 tornado
Duration3 days, 2 hours and 20 minutes
Highest windsTornadic – 165–175 mph (266–282 km/h)
(Barnsdall, Oklahoma EF4 on May 6)
Highest gustsNon-tornadic – 82 mph (132 km/h) near Chester, Oklahoma on May 6
Largest hail6.25 in (15.9 cm) – Johnson City, Texas on May 9
Extratropical cyclone
Lowest pressure980 hPa (mbar); 28.94 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities3 (+3 non-tornadic)[1]
Injuries87–91+[2][3][4]
Missing1[5]
Areas affectedMidwestern, Southern United States, Great Plains, Ohio Valley, New England
Part of the Tornadoes of 2024

A large, deadly and significant tornado outbreak occurred across the Central and Southern United States from May 6–10, 2024, as a result of a slow-moving trough that was moving across the country. The Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a tornado-driven high risk convective outlook for portions of central Oklahoma and extreme southern Kansas early on May 6. Millions of people were put under a particularly dangerous situation (PDS) tornado watch later that evening, as many tornadoes were reported across the region, particularly in Oklahoma, where a violent EF4 tornado struck the towns of Barnsdall and Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Severe and tornadic weather spread eastward over the Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee Valleys over the next two days, with a nocturnal outbreak occurring in the latter on May 8, as tornadic supercell thunderstorms produced many tornadoes across the states of Tennessee, northern Alabama and western Georgia. The system responsible for the outbreak finally moved offshore by May 10 after producing several more tornadoes across the Southeast. This large outbreak came less then two weeks after a similarly large and deadly outbreak occurred across most of the same regions.

Three fatalities directly linked to the tornadoes have been confirmed so far, with the majority in Oklahoma; one tornadic death also occurred in Tennessee on May 8. Three non-tornadic deaths related to straight-line winds also occurred. In addition, during the course of the outbreak, tornado emergencies were issued for three consecutive days between May 6–8 for damaging tornadoes; the last time that this phenomenon had occurred was exactly 21 years prior, where tornado emergencies were issued for four consecutive days between May 6–9, 2003, during a similarly large outbreak.[6]

As of May 12, at least 133 tornadoes have been confirmed from the outbreak overall, most of which were clustered around Oklahoma, Michigan and Tennessee. The outbreak also served as the end of a 16-day period of constant severe weather and tornado activity across the United States that began with the late-April outbreak – with over 250 total confirmed tornadoes across both outbreaks.[7]

Meteorological synopsis

High risk convective outlook issued by the Storm Prediction center at 13:00 UTC on May 6

May 6

Starting April 30, the Storm Prediction Center noted that certain models, including the ECMWF, forecasted a multi-day period of high instability and supportive wind shear across the Southern and Central Plains,[8] and by May 1, a 15% risk was added across Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and northern Texas.[9] On May 3, as confidence in a significant tornado outbreak increased, a 30% risk zone was introduced in far northern Oklahoma, central Kansas, and far southern Nebraska,[10] and on May 5, a moderate risk was issued as forecasters noted the possibility of strong and long-tracked tornadoes and large hail.[11]

At 7:12 a.m. Central Daylight Time on May 6, a mesoscale discussion was issued concerning an upgrade to a tornado-driven high risk across central and north central Oklahoma and south central Kansas,[12] which was issued at the 1300Z outlook. However, throughout the morning and afternoon, only weak tornadoes occurred across the Plains. A separate system also spawned severe thunderstorms in Tennessee, including one that produced an EF1 tornado that moved through Smithville.

At 1630Z, the Storm Prediction Center, noting severe activity in Tennessee as well as confidence in cells further south within Oklahoma, issued a new convective outlook, which expanded the high risk area further south, the moderate risk further east, and added a marginal risk over the Tennessee Valley. This notably mentioned the presence of mixed-layer CAPE values between 2,500 and 4,500 j/kg across central and northern Oklahoma into southern Kansas, as severe activity was set to peak through the night,[13] and at 2 p.m., a particularly dangerous situation tornado watch was issued, noting the probability of 2 or more tornadoes at >95%, and at least 1 significant tornado at 90%.[14] At 300Z, an observed sounding from the National Weather Service office in Norman, Oklahoma indicated an incredibly favorable environment for supercellular tornadoes, with mixed-layer CAPE values over 3,500 j/kg as well as strong wind shear and lapse rates, with a formulated Significant Tornado Parameter (STP) of 14.9.[15]

One hour earlier, a powerful supercell spawned a violent tornado southeast of Hominy, Oklahoma. The tornado continued northeast, producing significant tree damage. As the tornado closed in on the city of Barnsdall, a tornado emergency was issued. The tornado entered the southeast part of Barnsdall, where it inflicted EF4 damage to a well-constructed two-story home along with EF3 damage to other homes and a well-built, metal-framed building. Intense tree damage occurred in this area as well. At least one person was killed in the city. The tornado continued northeast and moved into Bartlesville, Oklahoma, where a Hampton Inn suffered severe damage. The tornado dissipated northeast of the town.[16]

May 7–8

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

On May 7, a tornado-driven enhanced risk was issued across the Ohio Valley by the Storm Prediction Center.[17][18] That afternoon, a strong, high-end EF2 tornado caused severe damage in Portage, Michigan. Later, another tornado prompted the issuance of a tornado emergency for Union City and Sherwood, the first tornado emergency ever issued in the state of Michigan. Other tornadoes were reported across Michigan along with Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana, Arkansas, and Pennsylvania through the overnight hours into May 8.[19][20][21] Later on May 8, a wind and hail driven Moderate Risk was introduced, both at 45% hatched wind and hail risks[22], more severe weather and tornadoes impacted much of the Middle Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys. PDS tornado warnings were issued for tornadoes near Equality, Illinois and Aurora, Missouri.[23] Multiple strong supercells hit Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. At 6:54 pm CDT a tornado emergency was issued for parts of Marshall County, Maury County, Rutherford County, and Williamson County including Spring Hill, Tennessee, Chapel Hill, Tennessee, and Allisona, Tennessee of the Southern Nashville Metro area, a second in 5 months, after a Tornado Emergency in the north of the metro that hit Hendersonville on Dec 9 2023.[24] In the middle of the outbreak, the SPC issued a 15% hatched tornado driven Moderate risk for Southeastern Tennessee, Northwestern Georgia and North Alabama at 0100 UTC.[25] Two flash flood emergencies were issued for parts of Northern Tennessee after round of torrential rainfall battered the area. Later, another supercell in Alabama caused a PDS tornado warning for the city of Huntsville, Alabama.[26] That same supercell went on to produce another damaging tornado that sparked a tornado emergency for Henagar, Alabama, Hammondville, Alabama, and Mentone, Alabama.[27]

Confirmed tornadoes

See also: List of tornadoes in the tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
8 49 61 11 3 1 0 133

Hominy–Barnsdall–Bartlesville, Oklahoma

Hominy–Barnsdall–Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Low-end EF4 damage to a two-story home in Barnsdall, Oklahoma
Meteorological history
FormedMay 6, 2024, 9:12 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00)
DissipatedMay 6, 2024, 10:05 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00)
Duration53 minutes
EF4 tornado
on the Enhanced Fujita scale
Highest winds165–175 mph (266–282 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities2
Injuries13–14[28]

This large, violent EF4 tornado first touched down at 9:12 p.m CDT (02:12 UTC) southeast of Hominy on CR 1401 and moved northeastward. It then crossed SH-20, as it snapped numerous trees and broke metal power poles with several areas of significant EF3 tree damage noted.[29] As the tornado approached Barnsdall, storm chaser reports of a large tornado and a large debris ball appearing on radar led to the issuance of a tornado emergency. The tornado inflicted severe damage to a wax plant on the southeast side of town, before moving into the east side of town, where numerous homes and a well-built, metal-framed building were heavily damaged or destroyed. One home sustained EF4 damage (with winds estimated at 165–175 mph (266–282 km/h)) with high-end EF3 damage occurring elsewhere and trees were snubbed as well. Two fatalities were confirmed in the town, one of which occurred at the residence that suffered EF4 damage.[21]

NEXRAD radar loop of the Barnsdall–Bartlesville, Oklahoma EF4 tornado, on May 6

Moving northeastward away from Barnsdall, the tornado continued to cause significant tree damage, damage homes, and destroy outbuildings in more rural areas. It then moved through the southern and eastern part of Bartlesville, where numerous homes and businesses suffered severe damage. The tornado then crossed US 60 and US 75, where it severely damaged a Hampton Inn business there. The concrete walls of the hotel were speared with 2x4s as well. The nearby Gan's Mall had its newly-installed roof thrown across the road, which ended up trapping several people inside the Hampton Inn.[30] The tornado then weakened as the parent supercell was being absorbed into a trailing squall line to its northwest, which caused the tornado to dissipate northeast of the town at 10:05 p.m. CDT (03:05 UTC). The tornado was on the ground for approximately 52 minutes, traveling a total length of 39.1 miles (62.9 km), reaching a peak width of at least 1,500 yards (1,400 m) at times.[31][32][33]

Columbia/Spring Hill–Lasea–Lunns Store, Tennessee

Columbia/Spring Hill–Lasea–Lunns Store, Tennessee
Low-end EF3 damage to a home in eastern Maury County
Meteorological history
FormedMay 8, 2024, 5:37 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00)
DissipatedMay 8, 2024, 6:07 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00)
Duration30 minutes
EF3 tornado
on the Enhanced Fujita scale
Highest winds140 mph (230 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities1
Injuries12

This deadly low-end EF3 tornado first touched down at 5:37 p.m. CDT (22:37 UTC) on Lofton Road just east of the Duck River in the eastern part of Columbia in Maury, causing light tree damage with some limbs being broken. Strengthening ensued as it moved northeast, damaging some homes and collapsing roofs on some residences before snapping tree trunks near Mt Oliver Road at EF1 intensity.[34] The tornado then moved northwest of Beech Grove, damaging more houses and collapsing roofs and ripping roof panels off of homes at EF1 intensity. More tree trunks were snapped as it moved through forested regions and across US 412/SR 99, before the tornado reached EF2 strength along Old Highway 99. EF2 damage was observed further northeast, including an outbuilding that was totally destroyed by the tornado, with walls collapsed inward. Continuing onward, the tornado then intensified to its peak of low-end EF3 intensity as it moved into the Lasea community. It bent and collapsed large transmission power trusses, mostly destroyed two homes, which were left with only their interior rooms standing, and obliterating a mobile home. One person was killed in one of the destroyed homes.[34][35] EF2 damage was noted nearby further north where two houses had their roofs and walls destroyed. By this time, a tornado emergency had been issued for the eastern portions of Columbia as a debris ball was evident on radar and storm spotters reported a large, significant tornado on the ground.

The tornado then weakened some to EF2 intensity as it approached and then crossed I-65, damaging nearby houses as well. The tornado also turned in a more easterly direction at this point as well. Weakening further to EF1, it snapped numerous tree trunks at Joe Brown Road.[34] The tornado then moved through mostly open areas before re-intensifying to high-end EF2 strength as it ripped and collapsed more roofs of houses and destroying a nearby barn. A carport was also destroyed and metal power poles were bent. Approaching and then passing through the small town of Rally Hill, the tornado weakened, but still caused low-end EF2 damage in the community. A house that was under construction as well an outbuilding were destroyed, another home and outbuilding were damaged, and trees and power poles were snapped. The tornado then began a rapid weakening trend after crossing US 431 and wobbling southeastward slightly, snapping trees at EF1 intensity. The tornado then turned eastward and entered Marshall County at EF0 strength, uprooting trees and causing minor roof to an outbuilding before dissipating at 6:07 p.m. CDT (23:07 UTC) southwest of Lunns Store.[35] This tornado was on the ground for 30 minutes, traveling a total length of 12.94 miles (20.82 km) and reaching a peak width of 900 yards (820 m). One person died as a result of the tornado, and 13 others were injured.[35]

Pisgah–Henagar–Hammondville, Alabama

Pisgah–Henagar–Hammondville, Alabama
High-end EF2 damage to a home west of Henagar
Meteorological history
FormedMay 8, 2024, 10:57 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00)
DissipatedMay 8, 2024, 11:24 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00)
Duration27 minutes
EF3 tornado
on the Enhanced Fujita scale
Highest winds140 mph (230 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities0
Injuries7

This intense tornado touched down along SR 71 south of Pisgah in Jackson County at 10:57 pm CDT (03:57 UTC). It moved east-southeastward at EF1 strength, snapping trees and inflicting minor roof damage to farm building. The tornado then intensified and widened significantly as it reached County Road 422, overturning a camper, partially destroying a well-built home, destroying a horse trailer and a mobile home, and removing a third of the roof off of a hay barn. Debris was thrown into the field across the street and 2x4s were impaled 1–1.5 ft (0.30–0.46 m) into the ground. Two people were injured in the camper. Along SR 40, several large 100+-year-old oak trees with diameters of 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m) were knocked down, including some that fell on knocked down two exterior walls of a home, which also had its windows sucked out. The tornado then reached its widest point and ripped a garage clean from the home it was attached to. This home was anchored with nails instead of bolts and a high-end EF2 rating was applied to this structure. Just beyond this point, the tornado reached its peak intensity of low-end EF3 along County Road 125. A well-built and well-anchored metal shop building was completely destroyed with the large bolts and plates that anchored the H-beams being snapped and bent. A large 4–5 ft (1.2–1.5 m) section of the foundation was ripped from the ground with debris being scattered about 10 ft (3.0 m), although the column anchoring remained intact. A nearby 20,000 lb (9,100 kg) 18-wheeler cab was tossed more than 150 yd (140 m) into a field across CR 125. Other nearby semi-trailers were shifted 50–100 ft (15–30 m) as well.[36][34] Around this time, a tornado emergency was issued for Henagar, Hammondville, and Mentone.[37]

The tornado then weakened to EF1 strength, snapping and uprooting trees and destroying outbuildings. Along SR 75 south of Henagar, a large outbuilding was unroofed, a smaller one was completely shifted off its foundation, another camper was overturned, power poles were snapped, and trees were snapped or uprooted. Between SR 75 and SR 40, the tornado turned eastward and briefly reached high-end EF2 intensity again, obliterating a mobile home, heavily damaging an outbuilding, and snapping and uprooting trees. The tornado then moved along SR 40 at EF1 intensity, peeling back tin on several chicken houses, including one that collapsed, snapped or uprooted more trees, and damaged the roofs of homes. After damaging another mobile home, the tornado steadily weakened causing only sporadic outbuilding and tree damage before dissipating as it crossed SR 117 just before reaching the city limits of Hammondville and I-59 at 11:24 pm CDT (04:24 UTC). The tornado traveled 12.34 mi (19.86 km) and reached a peak width of 0.5 mi (0.80 km). Seven people were injured.[36][34][38]

Non-tornadic effects

A large supercell with hail in Gahanna, Ohio on May 9

Strong straight-line winds blew a tree down on a car east of Lone Mountain, Tennessee, killing the driver.[23] One person was killed and another person was injured after a tree fell on a vehicle in Gaston County, North Carolina on May 8.[39] One occurred in Jackson County, Illinois, as a mobile home was shifted off its foundation and a trailer was flipped there,[40] while two people were injured after a warehouse had its roof collapse in Knox County, Tennessee.[41] Severe storms also forced a Major League Baseball game at Busch Stadium to be postponed until August 5.[42] The same system later produced extensive straight-line wind damage in Mississippi and Florida, Tallahassee was particularly hard hit, with tens of thousands of power outages still affecting residents days later.[43]

Impacts

Amtrak's northbound Heartland Flyer was canceled on May 6 as a precautionary measure due to the high risk of severe weather issued by the Storm Prediction Center; retroactively, the southbound train for May 7 was also canceled.[44] Wolverine trains from the evening of May 7 to the early morning hours of May 8 were also delayed between Ann Arbor and Battle Creek, Michigan due to tornadic activity in the area.[45] On May 8, the Nashville International Airport briefly issued a ground stop due to severe storms.[46]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024.

References

  1. ^ "At least 1 killed after possible tornadoes slam Florida city, officials say". WOFL. 10 May 2024. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  2. ^ Sharfman, Alexandra (May 9, 2024). "Update on storm-related deaths and injuries from April and May severe storms". KOKH-TV. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  3. ^ Andrews, Hillary (May 8, 2024). "Survivors of Portage tornado recount panic, fear during twister that devastated Michigan city". FOX Weather. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  4. ^ Burlew, Jeff; Hatfield, William F. (May 10, 2024). "Tallahassee tornado live updates: Woman killed, 80,000 without power amid widespread damage". Tallahassee Democrat. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  5. ^ Olivas, Kaylee (May 8, 2024). "'We're going to see him again': 81-year-old man missing after EF4 tornado demolishes his Barnsdall home". KFOR-TV. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  6. ^ "Yesterday marked the 3rd consecutive day a #Tornado Emergency—a rare class of Tornado Warning that is reserved only for strong/violent twisters capable of catastrophic destruction—was issued. The last time such a streak occurred was May 6-9, 2003. This continues 2024's near-historic level of severe weather activity that has so far plagued every state from Nebraska to Alabama with powerful tornados and tenacious, springtime thunderstorms. (Sat-image credit: tropicaltidbits)". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  7. ^ https://x.com/nwsspc/status/1789030083480678754?s=46&t=qS0n16XhYMOv-kF6m_Tg1g
  8. ^ "Day 4-8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on Apr 30, 2024". Storm Prediction Center. 30 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Day 4-8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on May 1, 2024". Storm Prediction Center. 1 May 2024.
  10. ^ "Day 4-8 Severe Weather Outlook Issued on May 3, 2024". Storm Prediction Center. 3 May 2024.
  11. ^ "May 5, 2024 0600 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. 5 May 2024.
  12. ^ "Mesoscale Discussion 646". Storm Prediction Center. 6 May 2024.
  13. ^ "May 6, 2024 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". Storm Prediction Center. 6 May 2024.
  14. ^ "Particularly Dangerous Situation (PDS) Tornado Watch 189". Storm Prediction Center. 6 May 2024.
  15. ^ "SPC Sounding Analysis Page - 05/07/2024 03 UTC". Storm Prediction Center. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024.
  16. ^ "Damage surveys continue across Osage County this afternoon. Currently, EF4 damage has been found southwest of Barnsdall. Still a long day of surveying with this storm and lots more to evaluate. #okwx". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  17. ^ "Storm Prediction Center May 7, 2024 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
  18. ^ "Storm Prediction Center May 7, 2024 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
  19. ^ "Storm Prediction Center Today's Storm Reports". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  20. ^ "New Video: Here's a first look at some of the damage left behind after a #tornado hit Barnsdall, OK on Monday evening. We'll have continued coverage on WeatherNation. #OKwx". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Live Updates: 1 Killed After Tornado Hits Barnsdall; Heavy Rains Cause Flash Flood Warnings". www.newson6.com. May 7, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  22. ^ "Storm Prediction Center May 8, 2024 0600 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-11.
  23. ^ a b "Storm Prediction Center Today's Storm Reports". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
  24. ^ https://twitter.com/NWStornado/status/1788344160459862304. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ^ "Storm Prediction Center May 9, 2024 0100 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook". www.spc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2024-05-09.
  26. ^ https://twitter.com/NWStornado/status/1788397309543481555. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  27. ^ https://twitter.com/NWStornado/status/1788421326744834179. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ^ Kliewer, Addison; Greco, Jonathan (9 May 2024). "Deadly Barnsdall tornado gets preliminary EF4 rating, search continues for missing man: What we know". KOCO. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  29. ^ "Damage surveys continue across Osage County this afternoon. Currently, EF3 damage has been found southwest of Barnsdall. Still a long day of surveying with this storm and lots more to evaluate. #okwx". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  30. ^ https://ktul.com/amp/news/local/bartlesville-tornado-severely-damages-hampton-inn-and-local-businesses-roof-ripped-off-debris-roadway-closed-trapped-people-fire-departments-storm-damage
  31. ^ "2024 Tornado Events in Eastern Oklahoma Northwest Arkansas". ArcGIS StoryMaps. National Weather Service Tulsa OK. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  32. ^ National Weather Service in Tulsa, Oklahoma (May 10, 2024). NWS Damage Survey for 5/6-7/2024 Tornado Event - Update 1 (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved May 10, 2024.
  33. ^ Kliewer, Addison; Greco, Jonathan (9 May 2024). "Deadly Barnsdall tornado gets preliminary EF4 rating, search continues for missing man: What we know". KOCO. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  34. ^ a b c d e Various National Weather Service offices (2024). "Damage Assessment Toolkit" (Interactive map and database). DAT. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
  35. ^ a b c National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (May 9, 2024). NWS Damage Survey for 05/08/24 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  36. ^ a b National Weather Service in Huntsville, Alabama (May 9, 2024). NWS Damage Survey for 05/08/2024 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  37. ^ "HUN Tornado Warning #30". Iowa Environment Mesonet. National Weather Service Huntsville AL. Retrieved May 12, 2024.
  38. ^ Broadway, Sarah (May 9, 2024). "NWS confirms at least 4 tornadoes touched down in North Alabama during Wednesday's storms". WAAY-TV. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
  39. ^ "1 dead, 1 taken to hospital after tree falls on vehicle in Gaston County". WSOC-TV. May 8, 2024. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  40. ^ "20240508's Storm Reports". Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  41. ^ Kellar, Liz (May 8, 2024). "One killed in Tazewell, warehouse roof collapses in Knox County as East Tennessee storms continue". Knoxville News Sentinel. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
  42. ^ Farinacci, Alexis (May 8, 2024). "Mets, Cardinals Series Finale Postponed, Will Be Made Up in August". Mets Memorized Online. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  43. ^ https://www.kbtx.com/2024/05/10/storms-slam-parts-florida-mississippi-elsewhere-cleanup-earlier-tornadoes-continues/
  44. ^ "Service Adjustment: As of 1:00pm CT, Due to severe weather conditions in the area, Heartland Flyer Train 822 is now canceled. No alternate transportation is provided. We apologize for any inconvenience". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved May 9, 2024."UPDATE: As of 11:50pm CT, Due to severe weather conditions in the area, Heartland Flyer Train 821 is now canceled. No alternate transportation is provided. We apologize for any inconvenience". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  45. ^ "As of 7:48 PM ET, Trains operating between Ann Arbor (ARB) and Battle Creek (BTL) may experience delays and operate at reduced speeds from 6:23 PM ET to 11:00 PM ET due to a tornado watch in the area". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved May 9, 2024."Weather Issue Update: As of 1:04 PM ET, Trains operating between Ann Arbor (ARB) and Battle Creek (BTL) have resumed their normal operation, with residual delays anticipated". twitter.com. X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved May 9, 2024.
  46. ^ "Ground stop issued at Nashville International Airport due to severe storms". 8 May 2024.
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